The Forces Driving An Organization - 1621 Words

What are the forces driving an organization to shift to analytics and be known as an analytical competitor? Analytics is when a particular organization uses large amount of data, predictive modeling, fact-based management, statistical analysis, quantitative analysis, and explanatory reasons in order to drive their business decisions and actions successfully (Harris 12). When an organization is trying to be analytically competitive, they are using analytics systematically and extensively to think outside the box to perform an execution to compete against other businesses. Today, organizations want more use of their talent and experience. To help them, analytics is used to manage their business performance, processes, strategy and key†¦show more content†¦Within the company they have implemented factors such as data, enterprise, leadership, targets, and analytics (DELTA). Through these factors, the company is able to analyze and restructure their business model to such a degree, that their strategies can be built around it. This is what sets Amazon apart from other companies and this is what helps make them a top online retailer. Amazon has continuously been innovating and building their analytical capabilities to stay on top of the market. The company was built from scratch through analytics, data collection and experimentation. Amazon has successfully stayed on the leading edge and has remained an analytical competitor for many years. Few ways, one can see the company’s growth is through the limited tests it has performed of new features on Amazon.com. The company rigorously quantifies user reaction before rolling the features out to the market. Amazon also uses extensive analytics to help predict what products will be successful in the future. Through the statistical and quantitative analysis approach, the company recommends products to its customers based on their previous buying experience. From the start, Jeff Bezos has envisioned Amazon.com as an analytically managed company. Bezos wants to squeeze every bit of efficiency out of its supply chain. The concept of personalization was based on web transaction and statistical algorithms, and now it has

Different Theories Of Development Throughout The Lifespan...

The purpose of this paper is to explore the different themes and theories of development throughout the lifespan and challenges of the characters within the movie â€Å"There Will Be Blood†. Although maturation was the theme held by many theorists in the past as the reason for development, modern developmentalist continue to study the development even though it confronts other significant themes. However, theories of development have varied over time as well as the approach taken by each of the developmental theorist. These theories have two functions, they comprehensively integrate knowledge to account for the development process and provide behavioral predictors for testing. This paper will examine the relationship of Albert Bandura, Urie Bronfenbrenner, and Mary Ainsworth’s theories and how they are applicable to the development of different individuals as they transitions through stages of their life’s and how these theories could be beneficial during counsel ing and interventions. Movie Overview The movie â€Å"There Will Be Blood† (Sellar, Anderson, Lupi, 2007) starts in the year 1898, in the middle of nowhere, with Daniel Plainview (Daniel Day-Lewis) all alone vigorously chiseling away in a chasm he considers a mine, trying to find silver ore while keeping his shotgun near him. He soon uses dynamite to blast the rock and while climbing down he falls and breaks his leg, yet he finds what he is looking for, Silver ore. He then drags himself out of the mine and to surveyor’sShow MoreRelatedOcd - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment131367 Words   |  526 PagesPsychiatry, University of London, England. Dr. Clark has published numerous articles on cognitive theory and therapy of depression and obsessive–compulsive disorders (OCD), and is a Founding Fellow of the Academy of Cognitive Therapy. He is coauthor, with Aaron T. Beck, of Scientific Foundations of Cognitive Theory and Therapy of Depression and coeditor, with Mark Reinecke, of Cognitive Therapy across the Lifespan: Evidence and Practice. Drs. Clark and Beck recently developed the Clark–Beck Obsessive–CompulsiveRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesPrinter/Binder: Courier/Kendallville Cover Printer: Courier/Kendalville Text Font: 10.5/12 ITC New Baskerville Std Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtainedRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesthe environment The nature of the marketing environment The evolution of environmental analysis The political, economic, social and technological environments Coming to terms with the industry and market breakpoints Coming to terms with the very different future: the implications for marketing planning Approaches to environmental analysis and scanning Summary 5 Approaches to customer analysis 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 Learning objectives Introduction Coming to terms with buyer behaviourRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesActivity duration estimates (.3) 6.4.2 Estimating tools (.1.3.4) 6.3.1 Identifying resources 7.1 Activity cost estimates (.2.3.4.5) 5.1.2.4 Delphi method Chapter 6 10.5.3 Cost/schedule system (.1) 6.6 .2.1 Time performance 7.2.3.1 Cost baseline development 7.3.2.1 Earned value system (F.4) 7.3.2.4 E.V., performance status report 7.3.2.2 E.V., forecasts 7.3.2.3 EV., to complete index (EAC) 7.3.2.5 Schedule and cost variance Developing a Project Plan 4.2.2 Planning tools 6.2 Sequence activitiesRead MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words   |  696 Pagesorientation C) product orientation D) marketing orientation E) social orientation Answer: B Page Ref: 18 Objective: 4 AACSB: Analytic skills Difficulty: Moderate 54) Webmax Inc. produced and marketed cameras. After considerable research and development, they developed a new digital camera that had an array of new features. Webmax was so sure about the new offering that they even reduced their marketing budget. What sort of orientation does Webmax have toward the marketplace? A) production orientation

Demand and Supply of Accountants

Question: Analyse the external Labour Market, Economic, Social and Public Policy Factors that are likely to have an Impact on the Demand for and Supply of labour for Organisations. Answer: Introduction Agriculture forms an essential part of the Australian economy. The agricultural sector contributes 2.3% of the Gross Domestic Product of the country. The countrys agricultural sector is engaged in supplying about 93 percent of the domestic food and supports an export market worth more than A$41 billion per annum that amounts to over 13 percent of the export revenue, as reported by the Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences (ABARES). The increase in the productivity in the agricultural sectors is due to a combination of multiple factors like the adoption of innovative farming techniques, better management of livestock, land, crops, pests and water (Australia 2014). These innovations are successfully implemented by the farmers as a result of use and availability of advanced machinery and adequate knowledge of technology that is imparted to the farmers. However, the agricultural sector has been facing a downfall from 28 percent to 13 percent owing to a sho rtage in the supply of the workforce in the sector. Various factors influences the employment in the forestry, agricultural and fishing industries such as abrupt weather conditions, drought, natural calamities, age, work-hours, pay-scale, etc. Economic and social factors also play an important role in influencing employment in the agricultural, forestry and fishing sectors. The characteristics of the farmers and the farm owners are important determinants of productivity of the agriculture subject to the condition that the farmers are able to make innovations in the sector (Hajkowicz 2016). These include distinctiveness associated with their capability to innovate, such as training, experience, education, financial position and approach towards risk. The relative significance of profitable and non-profitable objectives may also play a vital role in the agricultural sector. An Overview of the Agriculture Industry The agricultural industry in Australia is engaged in about 135000 farms or related business activities varying from small-owned enterprises to big multinational companies. The workforce engaged in the industry comprises more than 319,000 people out of which about 57 percent of the workforces are Australian based people. The industry aims at accelerating the participation of the workforce by adopting succession strategies and and strategies that would increase the productivity of the sector. Employment structure of the industry is influenced by various factors, particularly, the climate conditions, natural calamities, flood, drought, economic and social factors tend to have either a positive or an adverse impact on the agriculture industry of the nation. Farming occupies a vital position in the nations development. It feeds the emerging population and has a major contribution in the countrys economy. Australias agriculture industry adds to the gross domestic value and is considered as an important contributor to the nations economy. The industry, besides, feeding its growing population, is also regarded as a major exporter of food and raw materials to Asian countries. Despite various changes in the farming techniques, Australian Farm persists to be a recognizable icon of the Australian way of farming. Demand for Skilled Labors The demand for the skilled labors in the agriculture, forestry and fishing industry has declined steeply in recent years (Sloane 2014). Over the past few years, not only employment in high skill occupations has witnessed a significant fall but employment in the low skill also has experienced a downfall. The types of employment required in the agricultural industry comprise the following: Professionals Managers Technicians Laborers The occupational categories that require largest employment comprise the followings: Crop farmers Livestock farmers Agricultural and Forestry scientists Agricultural technicians Mixed crop Shearers In these occupational categories, majority of the workforce do not possess any post school qualifications. The Department of Employment conducted a research on skill shortage, which denotes that a low graduation rate in the recent years is limiting the number of applicants to the profession. As per the survey report, about 45% of the workforce does not possess any skill training or training on personnel development (Durand 2015). Factors affecting the Workforce Employment Employment in the agriculture industry has been witnessing an overall decline in the past decades, which has been recorded to be the largest downfall of any industry in Australia, till date (Billett 2015). The largest employment contributors in the industry are the beef cattle, grain farming sectors, nut and fruit growing sectors, dairy cattle farming, sheep cattle etc. The nut and fruit growing sectors have undergone a steep downfall, which was followed by a decline in the beef cattle, grain farming and sheep cattle sectors. However, other sectors like the dairy farming sector and the poultry farming sectors have been recorded to have earned profits. The average annual growth in employment from the year 2011 to 2025 can be understood from the table below: Average Annual growth in employment 2011-2025 Long Boom Smart Recovery Terms of trade shock Ring of Fire Agriculture 0.9% -0.2% -0.3% -1.0% Livestock Farmers 2.7% 1.7% 1.6% 0.9% Crop Farmers 0.6% -0.3% -0.4% -1.0% Mixed Crop and Livestock Farm Workers -1.1% -2.0% -2.1% -2.7% Crop Farm Workers -2.7% -3.6% -3.7% -4.2% All Industry Average 2.0% 1.5% 1.6% 0.7% (Source: National Farmer's Federation 2017) The factors that lead to shortage in the demand of the workforce are: Lack of skills to manage risks- as the farming techniques and systems are becoming more complex, the farmers must possess sufficient skills to control potential risks related to the farming system. High labor costs- the labor inputs in Australian farms have become more costly than the key competitors have, which in turn, affects the competitiveness of the nation. Lack of education- most of the farmers engaged in the farming occupation do not have any post compulsory school qualifications which amounts to skill shortages. Unable to access labors through initiatives- farmers have access to permanent and temporary overseas labour and participate in various programs including seasonal worker programs. They are facilitated with visa arrangements including temporary business visa schemes. Despite taking these initiatives, employers continue to face problems in order to access workers (Buchanan, Finegold and Warhurst 2017). Non-participation in vocational education training- the stakeholders are of the industry has opined that the participation level of the industry in vocational training and education program is considerably low. Lack of time to impart training- the farm owners do not give sufficient time to train the farmers on the use of the advanced machineries and the communication technology. Long distances- the training centre is located at distant places that causes inconvenience to the farmers as they have to travel significantly long distances to and from the learning centre. Climate change- weather condition is yet another major factor affecting the the employment in the agriculture industry. Excess of rainfall often redefines the suitability of the farming areas. Australias climate is the most variable climate in the world as a result of which farming becomes subject to frequent fluctuations. During droughts, agricultural productivity falls steeply (Wright, Clibborn and Piper 2016). Age- few young people tend to take over their family farms as a result of which major part of the workforce comprise high median age. The existing farmers move into the old age groups and the young people are hardly interested in replacing them, instead, they prefer to move to metropolitan areas to pursue higher studies or to seek better and wider employment opportunities (Warhurst et al. 2017). Attraction and retention- the poor conception of agriculture as a career option act as a barrier to attract and retain skilled workers. Restricted access to advanced information technology, inadequate training, poor transport facilities are some factors that results in the relocation of the young skilled workforce from the rural regions (Argent and Tonts 2015). Women participation- the women have been a part and contributing half of the real farm income to the agricultural sector. The participation of women in the agriculture sector has remained to be steady. However, it is often found that women, in particular, regional and rural Australia become significantly subject to discrimination in the management and decision-making roles (Beddie et al. 2014). Other important factors that act as a hindrance to employment include limited availability of health and education facilities, low wage rate etc. Shortage of skilled labors limits the productivity in the agricultural sectors thus, affecting the economy of the nation. Policy Reforms The social and economic policies following which, the farms have been operating over the past few years have undergone considerable change (Kotey and Sorensen 2014). The Australian industries have been exposed to greater domestic and international competition; the purport of the reforms is to enhance the standard of living by increasing productivity, developing the competitiveness of the industries. The Australian agricultural sector policies focused on making the decision-making process more receptive to the market forces. The major concern of the agriculture sector is shortage of skilled workforce and the problem is only increasing. The reformed policies aim at: Ensuring welfare strategies and sound health of the livestock Outline the contribution of the advanced technology in improved productivity The policies aim at promoting a skilled Australian workforce in the following ways: By adopting appropriate funding models that are consistent and sufficient for providing training to the farmers (Storey 2016). By hiring trainers from reputed companies involved in agri-business to provide the farmers courses so as to make them eligible for the Diploma and Certificate IV levels; By facilitating easy access to relevant information that is cost effective and is of high quality; By providing initiatives in order to increase participation of the rural areas and promote adequate training to the workplace in the remote regions; The reformed policies also promote supply of labor in order to reduce the shortage in the labor force in the agriculture industry in the following way: By importing skilled and semi-skilled labors from overseas through the visa program schemes (Zimmermann 2013). By introducing Up-Skilling Programs in order to ensure that, the new applicants to the agriculture workforce satisfy the requirements of the employers (Griffith et al. 2014). As far as educating the workforce in the agricultural sector is concerned, the policies aim at: Introducing a more balanced and advanced agriculture-based education program in schools and college; Providing adequate advice to the government regarding incorporating changes related to education programs and policies. It would facilitate increased participation of the student and rural industry (McCombie and Thirlwall 2016). It would take a considerable period of time to implement the plans and policies. However, it is pertinent that immediate priority is given to the expansion of the Seasonal Worker Program and refurbishment of the ANZSCO system to impart industrial skills and educations to the young farmers for better productivity of the agricultural sector. Conclusion: The Australian agriculture holds a prospective future. There is an ever-growing demand for commodities like Fibre and food. The amalgamation of the industries, educational institutional and the governments is pertinent to impart adequate education and training in order to meet the requirement of the industries (Wheelahan 2015). The productivity of the industry may increase if the government ensures that the policies are adequately implemented. The government must concentrate on implementing assistance programs during droughts, to prevent distortion of the financial incentives. The National Agribusiness Education, Skill and Labour Taskforce (NEST) has been established in order to develop a strategy for facilitating participation in all aspects of the agriculture industry. it aimed to improve communication between the government, educational institutions and industry; to enhance workforce participation in the agricultural sector; to increase the supply and demand of skilled labors in the agricultural sector in the future. The primary objective of the public policies is to build up a sustainable and effective workforce programs for the future agricultural industry. The policies must emphasize on the growing needs of the agricultural labor market and ensure the availability of a workforce that meets the require ment of such agricultural labor market. The policies would utilize the skills of the workers that are already working and impart the knowledge to the younger people. In order to enhance the availability of the workforce in the agricultural industry, it must be taken into consideration that opting agriculture, as a career is permanent and not provisional. References: Argent, N. and Tonts, M., 2015. A multicultural and multifunctional countryside? International labour migration and Australia's productivist heartlands.Population, Space and Place,21(2), pp.140-156. Australia, D., 2014. Australian Dairy Industry.Dairy Australia. Available online: www. dairyaustralia. com. au/Industry-information/About-the-industry. aspx. Beddie, F., Creaser, M., Hargreaves, J. and Ong, A., 2014.Readiness to meet demand for skills: a study of five growth industries. National Centre for Vocational Education Research. Billett, S., Choy, S., Dymock, D., Smith, R., Henderson, A., Tyler, M. and Kelly, A., 2015. Towards More Effective Continuing Education and Training for Australian Workers.National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER). Buchanan, J., Finegold, D. and Warhurst, C. eds., 2017.The Oxford Handbook of Skills and Training. Oxford University Press. Durand, J.D., 2015.The labor force in economic development: a comparison of international census data, 1946-1966. Princeton University Press. Griffith, G., Fleming, E., Mounter, S. and Malcolm, B., 2014. Accounting for externalities in agriculture and food sector value chains and systems: chain failure, chain goods and chain bads, Final Report to Meat and Livestock Australia on Project B. Hajkowicz, S.A., Reeson, A., Rudd, L., Bratanova, A., Hodgers, L., Mason, C. and Boughen, N., 2016. Tomorrows digitally enabled workforce: Megatrends and scenarios for jobs and employment in Australia over the coming twenty years. Kotey, B. and Sorensen, A., 2014. Barriers to small business Innovation in rural Australia.Australasian Journal of Regional Studies,20(3), p.405. McCombie, J. and Thirlwall, A.P., 2016.Economic growth and the balance-of-payments constraint. Springer. National Farmer's Federation. (2017). 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/NAWDP%20June%202014.pdf [Accessed 14 Feb. 2017]. Sloane, P.J., 2014. Overeducation, skill mismatches, and labor market outcomes for college graduates.IZA World of Labor. Storey, D.J., 2016.Understanding the small business sector. Routledge. Warhurst, C., Mayhew, K., Finegold, D. and Buchanan, J. eds., 2017.The Oxford Handbook of Skills and Training. Oxford University Press. Wheelahan, L., 2015. The future of Australian vocational education qualifications depends on a new social settlement.Journal of Education and Work,28(2), pp.126-146. Wright, C.F., Clibborn, S. and Piper, N., 2016. Economic migration and Australia in the 21st century. Zimmermann, K.F., Biavaschi, C., Eichhorst, W., Giulietti, C., Kendzia, M.J., Muravyev, A., Pieters, J., Rodrguez-Planas, N. and Schmidl, R., 2013. Youth unemployment and vocational training.Foundations and Trends in Microeconomics,9(12), pp.1-157.

Theme Of Beowulf Essays (631 words) - Beowulf, Geats,

Theme of Beowulf Theme of Beowulf The Anglo-Saxons were the members of the Germanic peoples who invaded England, and were there at the time of the Norman Conquest. They were people of their own time, language and culture. In the Anglo-Saxon adventure filled tale of Beowulf, the heron Beowulf was, at the time, considered the modern day superman. His character exemplifies the Germanic hero, and consequently the Anglo-Saxon ideal: strong, fearless, bold, loyal, and stoic in his acceptance of fate. With the absence of humility, yet his important role in society and his ideals of chivalry, Beowulf was the definition of a hero in his own time. This novel develops the theme that with honor towards chivalry and faith in yourself, anything can be accomplished. To be a hero in the Anglo-Saxon period, you proved yourself by doing good deeds,showing honor and exemplifying bravery. But with all of his amazing characteristics, Beowulf had a hard time proving humility. "you're Beowulf, are you - the same boastful fool who fought a swimming match with Brecca, both of you daring and young and proud, exploring the deepest seas, risking your lives for no reason but the danger? All older and wiser heads warned you not to, but no one could check such pride."(p.39, Beowulf). This quote best describes Beowulf as a child, full of pride and not that good at hiding it. "I fought that beast's last battle, left it floating lifeless in the sea." (p.40 Beowulf). Another quote that showed that in his older age, he had no problem expressing how good he was. A Knight , a hero in the near future, was not one to be as outspoken of his capabilities as Beowulf, even though they did both have the same roles in society and honor towards chivalry. Two qualities that did make Beowulf look a lot more heroic, unlike his absence of humility. Beowulf's role in society was almost identical to that of a Knight. Only, unlike the Knight, Beowulf made the choice to have this role in society. He was considered the strongest warrior around. He could fight anything, and would easily fight for his King and country. When King Hrothgar had trouble in his battle hall Herot, he asked for Beowulf's assistance. With honor and pride, Beowulf gladly accepted the Kings plea for help. Many believed he did so because it was considered his role in society. Either way, he fought off the two beasts, Grendle and his mother, and saved Herot. Beowulf Knew of his power and strengths and probably considered this to be his role in society, to serve and to protect his country and those in need. This honor gives a good example of Beowulf's heroism. With any quality of Beowulf, chivalry was probably his most recognizable. If anything , Beowulf had the up most respect for his King. He loved him and honored him with all of his heart. If asked to do anything by the King, Beowulf would accept with pride. When the King died, it was Beowulf that was asked to take over. But with Beowulf's chivalry, he declined because the King's son was the rightful heir. With time, Beowulf did become King, but with his honor towards chivalry, he was looked up to by all of his people. Most people would have easily accepted the throne if asked, but Beowulf was strong with his belief towards chivalry. Even if Beowulf did not have humility, his role in society and honor towards chivalry expressed his beliefs and proved his heroism. The theme, with honor towards chivalry and faith in yourself, anything can be accomplished, is developed in this novel. The Anglo-Saxon ideals of being strong, fearless, bold and loyal were exactly the qualities that Beowulf carried with him. The ideals of heroism vary differently from generation to generation. But with humility, roles in society, and chivalry, you are bound to have similarities with other heroes. With Beowulf, his honor and pride made him a hero of his own time.

SETI essays

SETI essays Bertrand Russell wrote, There are two possibilities. Maybe we are alone. Maybe we are not. Both are equally frightening (Jakosky 1). The question of life in the universe is one that leaves many in a state of bewilderment. It becomes even more interesting when it leads to another question that of intelligent life in the universe. Finding other intelligent civilizations among the interstellar space would greatly affect every aspect of our existence. Conversely, not finding such a civilization would force us to examine the purpose of our own existence. To help answer the question, astronomers and scientists set up a program in search for extraterrestrial intelligence. This program, or SETI, was set up to verify, by observation that extraterrestrial life does exist. SETI tries to prove this by picking up and analyzing radio signals by means of satellites and advanced computers (Heidmann 116). The history of the SETI program is quite interesting. It started back in 1959 with the help of two famous Cornell University physicists, Guiseppi Cocconi and Phil Morrison. Both claimed that it would be possible to communicate with other potential extraterrestrial life in space by the use of techniques used in radio astronomy (Heidmann 112). Together, they voiced their belief that if other alien astronomers elsewhere in the universe possessed radio telescopes, that it would be possible to converse between the two (Heidmann 112-113). A young astronomer by the name of Francis Drake agreed with the theories of Cocconi and Morrison. He proposed building a radio receiver in order to listen for waves of sound being transmitted through space. It wasnt until the spring of 1960 that Drake began his first project of SETI, Ozma. In this project, he was the first to conduct a search for signals transmitted from other solar systems. For two tedious months, Drake pointed an eighty-five foot antenna...

Philosophy of Education Examples for Elementary Teachers

Philosophy of Education Examples for Elementary Teachers A philosophy of education statement, sometimes called a teaching statement, should be a staple in every teachers portfolio. For elementary school teachers, the statement is an opportunity to define what teaching means to you and allows you to describe how and why you teach as you do at the early stages of learning. The following tips and philosophy of education examples for elementary teachers can help you write an essay that youll be proud to have. A philosophy of education statement is an opportunity to define what teaching means to you, and to describe how and why you teach as you do. Articulating this statement in the first person and using a traditional essay format (introduction, body, conclusion) will help you craft an enduring and inspiring personal statement. Structure of a Teaching Philosophy Unlike other kinds of writing, educational statements are frequently written in the first person because these are personal essays on your chosen profession. In general, they should be one to two pages long, though they can be longer if youve had an extensive career. Like other essays, a good educational philosophy should have an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. Here is a sample structure. Introduction Use this paragraph to describe your views on teaching in a general sense. State your thesis (for example, My philosophy of education is that every child should have the right to learn and get a quality education.) and discuss your ideals. Be brief; youll use the following paragraphs to explain the details. Think about aspects of early education that are unique to elementary teachers, and introduce these ideals into your writing. Body Use the following three to five paragraphs (or more, if needed) to elaborate on your introductory statement. For example, you could discuss the ideal elementary classroom environment and how it makes you a better teacher, addresses student needs, and facilitates parent/child interactions. Build on these ideals in the following paragraphs by discussing how you keep your classes aware and engaged, how  you facilitate age-appropriate learning,  and how you  involve students in  the assessment process. Whatever your approach, remember to focus on what you value most as an educator and to cite examples of how youve put these ​​ideals  into practice. Conclusion Go beyond simply restating your educational philosophy in your closing. Instead, talk about your goals as a teacher, how you have been able to meet them in the past, and how you can build on these to meet future challenges.   Philosophy of education documents for elementary teachers are very personal and unique to the individual. While some may have similarities, your own philosophy should focus on your personal approach to pedagogy and classroom management. Focus on what makes you unique as an educator, and how you wish to advance your career to further support elementary education. Writing Prompts As with any writing, take the time to outline your ideas before you begin. The following tips can help you craft your teaching philosophy statement: Brainstorm about  your educational philosophy and your  views of education, making notes on those principles you value most. This can help you articulate your philosophy as you organize your essay.Demonstrate how you have put your educational philosophy into practice in the classroom by citing specific examples and outcomes with students, parents, or fellow teachers and administrators.  Reflect on your experience over your career. Most likely, your teaching philosophy has changed over time. Reflect on the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead, and how you intend to meet them.Connect with others and talk to your peers in the field, as well as mentors. Ask them about how they crafted their essays and ask them to review yours once you complete it. Having people who know you and your teaching style well review your work can help you craft a truly representative statement.Review a few sample essays to help you as you begin writing your own. Career Advancement Applying for a brand new job isnt the only time you need an educational philosophy. If youre seeking a promotion or are applying for tenure, youll need to craft or update your educational philosophy statement. As time goes on, your approach to education and classroom management will likely evolve, and so will your beliefs. Updating your philosophy allows you to articulate your professional motivations and goals, as well as your approach to educating others so that observers can have a better sense of who you are, even without observing you in the classroom. Consider reviewing your philosophy every few years.

Second Language Acquistion process Research Paper

Second Language Acquistion process - Research Paper Example This paper on â€Å"Second Language Acquisition Process† seeks to analyze, investigate and understand the criticalities involved in the SL acquisition process through an input output process involving a range of intervening steps, and with crucial empirical studies that seek to validate the steps involved in the process of acquisition of a foreign / second language. This section comprises of an elaborate discussion of five critical steps along with empirical studies that authenticate the claims made. These steps include: Beginning of input: Frequency, attention, affect and other factors; Negotiation and Modification; Comprehended input-universal, prior knowledge,(L1/L2); Intake-hypothesis testing; and Individual differences: Personality, situational and modality variables. Languages cannot be learned in a vacuum and hence, it requires essential input for development of adequate language skills. Although the adequate type and quantity of input required for development and achievement of second language acquisition knowledge and skills is a highly debated issue among researchers (Gass, 1997, Pp. 86). The key factors discussed here include input frequency which symbolizes the cross linguistic influence, and comprises of primary variables in a study conducted by Lowie (2000) on the acquisition of derivational morphology in the bilingual mental lexicon. In this study, the L2 factor was productivity, which is essentially associated with frequency. This study revealed that conversion uniformity plays a prominent role in written production at all levels of acquisition. This further suggests that the learners in this experiment depended heavily on their morphological experience in L1 and those, particularly at the lower levels of acquisition, lacked proper dev elopment to of L1 skills. Another experiment conducted in order to ascertain the degree of order of acquisition associated with input, wherein the comparative effect of the L1 related variable

Was it Right to Drop the Bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki Essay

Was it Right to Drop the Bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki - Essay Example Questions on the subject of those nuclear attacks are multifaceted. While it is frequently proposed that â€Å"The Bomb† was the only way to ensure a Japanese surrender, Japan was asking only one concession from the U.S. at the time – the emperor is allowed to remain as head of state. Had the U.S. agreed to this, might have the massive destruction of a principally civilian populace been avoided? Taking this into consideration, it is obligatory for history to question President Truman’s motivations for authorizing its use. Was it really necessary to use this swift resolution to the prolonged deadly war so as to ultimately save many thousands of lives, both American and Japanese, which surely would have been lost if the Americans invaded mainland Japan? Or was the reason, as has been theorized, a decision based more so on keeping the former Soviet Union from having input as regards to the partition of post-war Asia much as it had following the war in Europe? Critic s charge that even given that the first bomb might be justified, the extensive devastation along with the collateral and continuing damage was devastating enough. The second bomb was an unnecessary â€Å"overkill† and should not have been utilized. The main reasoning generally provided to use the bomb was that it saved many thousands of lives on both sides by eradicating the need to fight the Japanese on their homeland, a horrific prospect. When the battles for Okinawa and the Philippines were occurring, President Truman was contemplating a massive ground invasion of Japan’s mainland.

Health informatics - collaboration Essay Example for Free

Health informatics collaboration Essay I believes that following the principles below will facilitate collaboration among professions and professionals. †¢ Client-centred care — Interprofessional client-centred care requires collaboration among clients,2 nurses3 and other health professionals who work together at the individual, organizational and health-care system levels.4 Health professionals work together to optimize the health and wellness of clients and involve the client in decision-making.5 Clients are actively engaged in the prevention, promotion and management of their health.6 †¢ Evidence-informed decision-making for quality care — Evidence-informed decision-making through the use of best practice guidelines, protocols and resources will support interprofessional collaboration. Health professionals work together to identify and assess research evidence as a basis for identifying treatment and management of health problems. Health outcomes are continuously evaluated to track the effectiveness and appropriateness of services.7 †¢ Access — Teams of health-care professionals working in collaboration will ensure that patients can access the most appropriate health-care provider at the right time and in the right place. Supporting continuity of care and continuity of care provider is crucial to ensuring high-quality, client-centered interprofessional collaborative care.8 †¢ Epidemiology — Using assessments of the demographics and health status of clients will ensure the relevance of health services, including the identification of appropriate health professions. Trends in the health of the population are tracked to assess the impact of the services offered. †¢ Ethics — Each profession brings its own set of competencies — the results of education, training and experience — to collaborative health services. Health-care professionals working in interprofessional collaborative teams learn from each other in ways that can enhance the effectiveness of their collaborative efforts. Nurses collaborate with other health professionals to develop a moral community12 and to maximize heath benefits to clients, recognizing and respecting the knowledge, skills and perspectives of all.13 Shared decision-making, creativity and innovation allow health-care professionals to learn from each other and enhance the effectiveness of their collaborative efforts. †¢ Communication — Active listening and effective communication skills facilitate both information sharing and  decision-making. To support and sustain interprofessional collaboration, CNA believes that the following structural elements15 must also be present: †¢ planning, recruitment, workplace and interprofessional education to support human resources; †¢ long-term funding allocations that support the necessary infrastructure and information technology requirements of interprofessional collaboration; †¢ liability insurance framework for interprofessional teams that includes liability insurance for health-care professionals that is independent of the employer’s liability insurance; †¢ regulatory framework that enables all regulated health professionals to use their knowledge, skills and experience to practice to their full scope and recognizes the decision-making processes and roles within interprofessional collaboration; †¢ standards that guarantee both interoperability and access by appropriate professionals to electronic health records; †¢ governance and management structures that promote systems that foster interprofessional collaboration and strengthen a not-for-profit, publicly funded health-care system; and †¢ planning and evaluation frameworks and assessment tools to measure the performance of interprofessional collaborative practices that are supported by ongoing research and surveillance.

paganbeo Pagan and Heathen Elements in Beowulf Essays -- Epic Beowulf

Pagan/Heathen Elements in Beowulf      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Beowulf the pagan element, which coexists alongside the Christian, sometimes in a seemingly contradictory fashion, is many faceted.    Certainly the pagan element seems to be too deeply interwoven in the text of Beowulf for us to suppose that it is due to additions made by scribes. While the poet’s reflections and characters’ statements are mostly Christian, the customs and ceremonies, on the other hand, are almost entirely heathen/pagan. This fact seems to point to a heathen work which has undergone revision by Christian minstrels. â€Å"The poet’s heroic age is full of men both ‘emphatically pagan and exceptionally good,’ men who believe in a God whom they thank at every imaginable opportunity. Yet they perform all the pagan rites known to Tacitua, and are not Christian† (Frank 52).    One of the foremost pagan practices in Beowulf is the burial rite of cremation. In the narrative after the conquest of Grendel, a gleeman sings the Finnsburh Episode, the story of a Danish peaceweaver who lost husband, brother and son in the feud. Once the tribes agreed to peace:    Then Hildeburh ordered  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   her own dead son placed on the pyre  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   beside his uncle Hnaef, their bone-cases burned,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   given full fire-burial. Beside them both  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   the noblewoman wept, mourned with songs.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The warrior rose up; the mighty death-fire  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   spiraled to heaven, thundered before the mound.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Their heads melted, their gashes spread open,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   the blood shot out of the body’s f... ...ons, edited by Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987.    Ward & Trent, et al. The Cambridge History of English and American Literature. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1907–21; New York: Bartleby.com, 2000                         The poet â€Å"mentions pagan error, briefly and in passing (175-88), before depicting noble pagan monotheists for some 3000 lines† (Frank 58).             SECONDARY BIBLIOGRAPHY    Frank, Roberta. â€Å"The Beowulf Poet’s Sense of History.† In Beowulf – Modern Critical Interpretations, edited by Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987.       Robinson, Fred C.. â€Å"Apposed Word Meanings and Religious Perspectives.† In Modern Critical Interpretations: Beowulf, edited by Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987.   

Resilience in Children Essay

Resilience is how a child can cope with the good and the bad things in their life and the ability to succeed and prosper even after facing set and hardships and is based on self-esteem. The more resilience a child is the better they are able to cope with real life situations in their life right up to adult hood and have a more positive attitude. In a paper by Action for Children, it states that resilience concerns the ability to ‘bounce back’. It involves doing well against the odds, coping, and recovering (Rutter, 1985; Stein, 2005). Masten et al (1990) define resilience as â€Å"the process of, capacity for, or outcome of successful adaptation despite challenging or threatening circumstances†. As a concept it appears to be cross-culturally recognised (Hunter, 2001). Masten et al (1990) have identified three kinds of resilience among groups of children. These are: †¢ Children who do not succumb to adversities, despite their high-risk status, for example babies of low birth-weight. †¢ Children who develop coping strategies in situations of chronic stress, for example the children of drug-using or alcoholic parents. †¢ Children who have suffered extreme trauma, for example through disasters, sudden loss of a close relative, or abuse, and who have recovered and prospered. Resilient children, therefore, are those who resist adversity, manage to cope with uncertainly and are able to recover successfully from trauma (Newman, 2004). Some of the processes that are thought to play a part in promoting resilience include managed exposure to risk, since this can provide an opportunity for coping mechanisms to be acquired; opportunities to exert agency and develop a sense of mastery; strong relationships with supportive parents or cares, or external mentors and other social networks; positive school experiences and extra-curricular activities; and capacity to ‘reframe’ adversities  (Newman, 2004). I ensure that in my setting the staff are given the skills necessary and the knowledge to promote resilience in the children we care for. Assertiveness is a healthy way of communicating. It’s the ability to speak up for ourselves in a way that is honest and respectful. We promote this in my setting as a child who demonstrates assertiveness will be more likely to ask for help only when they need it. e.g. if a child asked for help doing a jig-saw they know what exactly they want when asking for help. They are also more likely to get on with the task once the initial difficulty has been overcome and they have been successful and will learn from that. Healthy self-esteem is like a child’s armour against the challenges of the world. Kids who know their strengths and weaknesses and feel good about themselves seem to have an easier time handling conflicts and resisting negative pressures. If a child is self confident within themselves and doesn’t show fear when trying new things e.g. climbing up the steps of a slide. However, the staff need to be aware of risk and the child’s capabilities and be sure that they are not hampering the child’s confidence by perhaps refusing to allow them to take a risk due to age etc. Self-awareness and the ability to socialise and behave appropriately in different situations and is confident about themselves usually reveals a healthy well-being and resilience. Children with low self-esteem may not want to try new things and may speak negatively about themselves: â€Å"I’m stupid,† They may have a low tolerance for frustration, giving up easily or waiting for somebody else to take over. They tend to be overly critical of and easily disappointed in themselves. One example of an approach we use in my setting to help build resilience is based on the Attachment theory. John Bowlby emphasises the importance of early relationships and quality of care for laying the foundations for healthy relationships and self-esteem in adulthood. Interventions based around attachment theory help to develop parental awareness and sensitivity to their child. Sensitive, available and consistent child care practices  protect children by establishing positive expectations about future relationships and a positive view of self, which influence adaptive coping in later years (Sroufe et al, 1990). My setting provides this through a key-worker system, ensuring on-going and effective communication and working in partnership with the parents. Daniel and Wassell (2002). They describe resilience in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The intrinsic factors are seen as three building blocks that are necessary for resilience: †¢ A secure base – the child feels a sense of belonging and security †¢ Good self-esteem – an internal sense of worth and competence †¢ A sense of self-efficacy – a sense of mastery and control, along with an accurate understanding of personal strengths and limitations. The extrinsic factors are described as: †¢ At least one secure attachment relationship †¢ Access to wider supports such as extended family and friends †¢ Positive nursery, school and or community experiences This framework provides a useful basis for informing assessment of children, and planning and implementing interventions to promote resilience. In my setting I give the children lots of praise and encouragement throughout the day to encourage their confidence and self esteem. If I praise the children they feel good and happy about themselves, hence building their self esteem. I would give the children small challenges that I know that they can succeed in to help build their confidence and self esteem e.g. jigsaw puzzle then I would give them tasks that they will need a little help to complete the task but I will sit down beside them and help and encourage them to complete it. Once completed, the children feel very proud of themselves. Praise gives children confidence and self esteem and having good confidence and self esteem shows a child has good resilience. I would support and reassure a child when they feel scared e.g. starting in my room for their first time away from their parents. Would reassure then by  cuddling them, telling them its okay, distracting them with toys they enjoy playing with at home. If a child makes a bond and trusts the adults in the room they will feel more confident and comfortable. I let the children take risks as this teaches them their boundaries in what they can do and what they cant do. I also let the children play independently by letting them pick what they want to play with to build their interest and their own self-identity. If the children knows what they like and are interested in they will be very confident with themselves. During circle time is a great opportunity for helping children learn new ways of how to protect themselves. On activity we do is to get the children to make faces of happy or sad and ask them in circle time to pick a face and ask why or just discuss when they would be happy or sad and what they can do to change this. This also helps develop awareness of emotions and empathy for others. Helping children protect themselves from child abuse is easier when you begin teaching protection techniques at an early age. It is important to build effective forms of communication with the children by developing relationships and building trust. This circle time activity helps the children to feel comfortable about talking about feelings and emotions. This helps build trust between me and the child and a feeling of comfort in knowing I, or the staff are approachable if something is worrying them I am currently in the process of liaising with the NSPCC about the validity of using imaginative/role play as a forum for exploring what to do in certain situations – example – Run, Yell and tell or the Underwear Rule. I also think the Play Safe is a good simple approach for the older children in my setting, â€Å"Playing with friends is fun, but its no fun if you get hurt. I follow the Play Safe rules to make sure you have a good time†. This is good I think because there are set out specific rules and some of the older children enjoy understanding rules and realising right from wrong. This is a useful tool as it helps children protect themselves in the instance another child hitting or hurting them. They know to tell a member of staff  so that they can help deal with the situation. Teaching a child deal with conflict is vital in promoting resilience and independence. The NSPCC’s Underwear Rule scan support and assist staff to explain to children that where you wear your pants is a private place and no one should ask to see or touch that place. It also explains about good touch and bad touch; good touch is a cuddle or hug which make a child feel safe or comfortable; bad touch is something that feels unsafe or uneasy. Circle time is a good venue to also look at the issue of good secrets and bad secrets. (If an adult tells you a secret which makes you feel scared and anxious then this is a bad secret that you shouldn’t keep but if it is a good secret that you get excited about then its ok to keep the secret). I think it is so important for us to teach the children in the setting that they can trust us and tell us anything they feel scared or anxious about and that we can help them deal with this situation. Parents are fully supportive of this and participate by continuing this at home which supports any learning and confirms this for the child. Sources: NSPCC website. Bernardo’s. Action for Children.

Fun Home

About the book: Alison Bechdel’s father Bruce was a high school English teacher, a funeral home operator, and a man who worked tirelessly to restore his Victorian-era home to its original glory. He was a husband and father of three children. On the outside, the Bechdels were a functional nuclear family. However, soon after Bechdel came out to her parents, she learned her father was also gay and that he had sexual relationships with his students. Months after her announcement, her mother filed for divorce – and two weeks after that, her father got run over by a truck. Was it an accident? Was it suicide?Bechdel thinks it was the latter, and in Fun Home, she analyzes her memories, books, and family letters in an attempt to understand who Bruce was and why he chose a life that dissatisfied him so deeply. What I liked: Bechdel’s analysis of her and her father’s lives, and her ability to wed it to distinct visuals, was inventive and involving. I remember one pag e in particular where she mapped out the places where her father was born, lived, and died, and circumscribed the area within one tidy circle to reveal that all of these important things happened within one mile’s distance of each other.The narrative loops back and forth upon itself, and parcels out new information at a measured pace, showing the readers new facets of the same story as it progresses. I appreciated Bechdel’s depth of focus in both her writing and her visuals – nearly everything is in its right place. I admire how much effort went into writing and drawing something so emotionally painful, and how much more effort went into making it all look seamless. Summary: Alison Bechdel grew up with a father who was alternatingly distant and angry, an English teacher and director of the local funeral home (or â€Å"Fun Home†, as Alison and her siblings called it).Their relationship grew more and more complex until Alison was in college. Shortly after A lison had come out to her parents, she learned that her father was also gay†¦ but before she had more than a brief chance to process that news, he was dead. Whether the accident that killed him had been truly an accident or a suicide, Alison would never know, just one of the many mysteries left by her father for Alison to slowly and painfully unravel here. Review:The â€Å"look at my terrible childhood† flavor of memoir is my least favorite flavor, and is responsible for me thinking I didn’t like memoirs in general until relatively recently. I’ll happily grant Fun Home an exception, however, even though it technically does fall into that category. There are several reasons that it sets itself apart from the rest of its peers, but I think the primary reason is that Bechdel is not using her the trauma of childhood for laughs (although there are some humorous touches throughout) or for dramatic potential (although there’s certainly plenty of that as wel l).Instead, there’s a very palpable sense that she’s writing this memoir because she’s really trying to figure out her relationship with her father, and what it meant, and that putting her memories down on paper is the best way she can hope to make sense of it all. The narrative flow does jump backwards and forwards through time, repeating some parts of the story from different angles as they come to bear on different topics, giving it a feeling of â€Å"thinking out loud,† but even so, it doesn’t come across as feeling scattered or unpolished.It also helps that her analysis, both of her father and of herself, is extremely penetrating, with enough emotion to make it powerful but enough age and maturity to make it thoughtful. Bechdel’s prose is similarly both elevated and immediate, verbose and vocabulary-ridden, but still clear and forceful. The book is rife with literary allusions and direct textual comparisons, some of which I got, some of which surely went over my head, but which certainly set the intellectual tone of the book.Bechdel’s art is also great, and I really liked the juxtaposition of her own detailed drawings with the drawn reproduction of photographs, printed text, and her own diary entries. Overall, this was a very thoughtful and penetrating book. I’m sure that there are layers of meaning about homosexuality and the process of coming out that I, as a straight person, didn’t latch on to. But I think there’s also a message that’s applicable to everyone, about the secrets that our parents keep, and about who they really are, and how we, as children of our parents, can manifest those secrets without ever truly understanding them. out of 5 stars.Summary The entire story is present from the first few pages, in the antique decadence that contrasts peculiarly against father Bruce’s strict, volatile perimeters; his cut-off jean shorts; his nose stuck in The Nude by Kenne th Clark; and in Alison’s tomboyish supplication as a child for his affection, channeled instead into the house’s restoration, a House of Usher in reverse. â€Å"It was his passion. And I do mean passion. Libidinal. Manic. Martyred,† writes Bechdel, showing Bruce carrying a porch column bent over his back, wearing only shorts that would make the Village People blush.After Alison types and mails a letter from college telling her parents she is gay, her mother informs her that Bruce, a high school English teacher and part-time funeral home director, had been with men throughout their marriage. The first had been a farmhand at 14; one was even her babysitter, Roy. â€Å"I had imagined my confession as an emancipation from my parents, but instead I was pulled back into their orbit†¦ Why had I told them? I hadn’t even had sex with anyone yet. Conversely, my father had been having sex with men for years and not telling anyone. Four months later, Bruce die d in puzzling (read: suicidal) conditions. Alison impulsively links his death to her sexual revelation — â€Å"the end of his life coincided with the beginning of my truth. † Bechdel traces the fear of this correlation back and forth in time through bizarre, coded interactions with her parents. Watching her narrate cyclonically around this traumatic core — â€Å"a sort of inverted Oedipal complex,† the assertion of her â€Å"erotic truth† destroying her repressed father’s life — is a devastating, bittersweet head-trip.It is the reading equivalent of a photo mosaic: hundreds of tiny images of Alison forming an inescapably dominating image of Bruce. Fun Home also pulls off a portrait of how the invisible histories and private lives of parents impress unwittingly upon children emotionally and psychologically. Plenty of books attempt that, but fewer pull it off without connect-the-dots associations or posturing, fewer still with Fun House ’s effortless juggling of past, present and future.

International Business Major Assignment

International Business Major Assignment Analysis of critical issues or management in a foreign business environment The expansion of businesses in the international environment has emerged as one of the competitive strategies that are used by firms. Most of the challenges that are witnessed by firms in the international business environment revolve around the issue of managing in a new business environment, which denotes variations in business culture (Arunjo, 2007). The new Chief Executive Officer, Mia Foster, has the challenge of ensuring that the company establishes itself in a totally new market.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Business Major Assignment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The new market has different business conditions and a totally new culture of management. However, Foster has fear that the company events are run by Chen. She fears dissolving the local culture of the company as depicted in the business dimension that was taken by Chen (Rentfrow, 2010). One reason why the company sought to expand into the international market was the shrinking domestic market, which implied a reduction in productivity (Bartlett Han, 2011). As an expansion and a competitive strategy, the entry and operation of the company in China as a new business destination was meant to help the company in regaining its competitive scale by quelling the impacts of the shrunken operations in the mother country. China had proved to be an attractive market for a number of United States’ firms that operate in the restaurant sector. During her early years of tenure as the new CEO of Levedary Cafà ©, Mia Foster was interested in monitoring and standardizing the operations of the company in China, which were being spearheaded by Chen. Foster sought for a means of ensuring that the standardization of the reporting models was done. Adopting a standard model of financial and business reporting as that used by Levendary in the mother country of operation proved to be difficult for the operations of the company in China (Bartlett Han, 2011). This is one area of challenge in international business management. It denotes the difference in business culture between the mother country and the foreign location. The entry model for any business in the international market is quite critical and determines the rate at which the company harmonizes the operations in the subsidiaries in relation to the operations in the mother firm as a way of ensuring that the conflict of management does not arise. Two issues come out in the case, which must be addressed in order for the operations of the company in China to be enhanced. The variation in business culture between the United States, which is the mother country of Levendary Cafà ©, and China which is the foreign business environment for the company comes out in two main things. These are legitimacy and conformity (Ferreira, Li Jang, 2007).Advertising Looking for es say on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Ferreira, Li and Jang (2007), the two things have to be considered as they are critical to the successful operation of a company in a foreign market. The issues form part of the hybrid model of entry and operation of a firm in the foreign business environment. There is, therefore, need for Foster to allow the company operations in China to follow a model of financial reporting that goes in line with the legislation on taxation in the country. Emphasis on using a reporting model that is used in the parent country is bound to result in non-conformity with the business environment in China, thereby jeopardizing the operations of the company in the country. The attributes of a business model often change with the environment in which a business expands into. It is, therefore, critical for the Foster to discuss with Chen the aspects of change that are expect ed as far as the expansion of the company operations in China is concerned. Sticking to the parent company model can result in the stagnation of the company due to lack of adaptability to the foreign market environment. When operating in a foreign business environment, it is critical to consider the tastes and preferences of the customers in the foreign market and adopt the practices in the local market as a way of enticing and attracting customers in that environment (Hise Choi, 1995). Analysis of market prospects in China and adaptability of Levendary Cafà © in the market A study of the international business environment denotes that China is one of the fastest growing markets in the world. The scale at which the Chinese economy, and by effect the Chinese markets, is growing has kept opening space for the incorporation of foreign firms in the market. The country, therefore, presents a lot of opportunities for multinational firms from all over the world. According to the Levendar y Cafà © case, it has been noted that a substantial number of firms from the United States have successfully entered and set up subsidiaries in China. In fact, this was the guiding factor behind the decision by Levendary Cafà © to expand its operations into China. Most of the large United States multinationals in the restaurant have been able to enter and expand their operations in China through franchising (Bartlett Han, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Business Major Assignment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, it should be noted that the model of business that has been used by the United States multinationals to franchise in the Chinese market is based on the foreign model that is embraced in China. This reiterates the relevance of a firm to adapt to the local business culture as a foundation of expanding business operations in a foreign business environment. The rate at which forei gn firms in the restaurant business are entering China is quite high, which poses questions over the future competitiveness of the Chinese market to multinational firms. There is one notable trend in the restaurant industry in China, which depicts a challenge to the multinational firms from the West, among them Levendary Cafà ©. The realization of the opportunities that prevail in China has attracted an array of other multinationals from within the region in the country. This raises several concerns on the operation of western multinationals in the Chinese market. Firms from the region have a higher advantage when it comes to the rate of adaptability to the business culture in China. Contrary to the multinationals from the region, a firm like Levendary is still new in the country and is still struggling to gain footage in the country by adapting to a resounding culture that will enable it stabilize its operations in China without interfering with the general business model of the c ompany. Indeed, the Chinese market presents competitive challenges to the future of Levendary Cafà © considering the fact that the market is attracting firms that have a higher competitive edge when it comes to the adaptability to the business environment in China (Bartlett Han, 2011). As noted in the case, the largest share of the restaurant sector in China is dominated by firms that serve Asian food. This is an aspect of culture, which denotes an advantage to the firms that come from within the Asian region as indicated in the case. According to Wu (2008), cultural adaptability is one of the critical sources of disadvantage for foreign firms that are operating in China. It impacts on the management of the firms in the country. Insisting on exporting the local culture into China as is being done by Foster could compound the ability of the company to withstand the competition in the market.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It can be argued that the best way for Levendary Cafà © to successfully expand and gain a competitive edge in the Chinese market is by pursuing a business model that allows it to make changes to its business culture. This could pave the way for the adaptability of the company to the local conditions in the market, which dictate customer trends. While some practices can be maintained, it can be argued that the path that is taken by Chen makes sense and there is only need to streamline a number of activities that are critical to the retention of the overall culture of the company irrespective of the fact that it adopts to the cultural practices and determinants in China. According to Kogut and Singh (1988), it is critical to assess the factors of compatibility in culture between a mother country and the foreign country and establish a balance in these factors where possible. This attests to the research by Gatignon and Anderson (1987), which denoted the difficulty of US multinational s in adapting to a foreign business culture in non- Anglo cultures. This is the reason why the combination of the models of business is often embraced by multinational firms by considering the cultural trends and their impacts on the competitive positioning of firms in the foreign market. Recommendations on best practices of international management The argument that comes out of the case is that Foster does not have a resounding experience in international management. The fact that she is charged with the responsibility of ensuring the company stabilizes its operations in the foreign business environment means that she has to learn a lot about the attributes of international management. Unfortunately, she has to do this at work, which is quite challenging. In her meeting with Chen, who is steering the operations of Levendary Cafà © in China, she has to adhere to a number of issues in order to be able to establish a worthwhile course for the operation of the company in China. Unde rstanding the technical aspects of the foreign business environment According to Guillà ©n (n.d.), the study and understanding of the foreign business environment are critical to the successful entry and management of a firm in the foreign market. As it comes out from the case, Chen has a substantial amount of experience about managing in China given he is a person who comes from the country and who has been able to understand the business environment in the country. International management entails the understanding of the technical aspects in foreign business environments and how they play out as far as the effect on the operation of new firms in the market is concerned. Therefore, Foster has to prepare to listen to Chen as this will enable her to comprehend the technical aspects of management in China. Chen acts as a cross-cultural consultant in this case (â€Å"Cross Cultural Solutions for International Business†, n.d.). The development of an adaptive strategy in the f oreign business environment After listening to Chen, it is easier for Foster to understand the reasons behind the approaches of business development that are taken by Chen. Though a number of ventures that had been established by Chen did not match with the model of Levendary, they had picked up in China. This proves a positive point concerning the ability of Chen to manage in China. This implies that Chen is a key resource for the company in as a far as steering its adaptability in China is concerned. It is at this point that Foster can open up and discuss about the possibility of modelling the Levendary stores in China along the models of business that are embraced in the parent country. The discussion ought to focus on the aspects of management and the models of business that can be exported by the company to China and those that need to be moulded from the foreign business environment. This attests to the concept of globalization of the business environment, where the understan ding of the culture in a given business environment is key to the establishment of a competitive business model in that market (Gunn-Graffy, 2007). Rationalization of integrating strategy in the foreign business environment An integrative response framework of international management such as the one that was developed by Prahalad and Yves in 1987 can be used in the development of a strategy that will streamline the operations of the company in China. The model by Prahalad and Yves reiterates the need to balance between the local factors and international factors that prevail in the international business environment (Guillà ©n, n.d.). Such a balance is critical in ensuring that the identity of the company is maintained even as the company adapts to the cultural factors in the foreign market. The balance between customization and the standardization of business in the foreign market has to be given priority (Lynch, 2012). References Arunjo, A. L. (2007). Multinational enterprise s in dissimilar cultural contexts: The role of global virtual teams. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Social Implications of Computers in Developing countries, Sao Paulo, Brazil, May 2007. Retrieved from ifipwg94.org.br/fullpapers/R0039-1.pdf Bartlett, C. A., Han, A. (2011). Levendary Cafe: The China challenge. Harvard Business School. Cross Cultural Solutions for International Business. (n.d.). Retrieved from kwintessential.co.uk/cultural-services/articles/cross-cultural-solutions-international-business.html Ferreira, M. P., Li, D., Jang, Y. S. (2007). Foreign entry strategies: Strategic adaptation to various facets of the institutional environment. Working paper no. 03/2007. Retrieved from globadvantage.ipleiria.pt/files/2012/08/working-paper-3_globadvantage.pdf Gatignon, H., Anderson, E. (1987). The multinational corporations degree of control over foreign subsidiaries: an empirical test of a transaction cost explanation. Retrieved from msi.org/publications/p ublication.cfm?pub=198 Guillà ©n, M. F. (n.d.). Understanding and managing the multinational firm. Retrieved from http://www-management.wharton.upenn.edu/guillen/files/mneconcept.pdf Gunn-Graffy, C. (2007). When in Rome, Beijing or Brussels: Cultural considerations of international business communication. Retrieved from bc.edu/content/dam/files/schools/cas_sites/communication/pdf/thesis07.gunn-graffy.pdf Hise, R., Choi, Y-T. (2010). Are US companies employing standardization or adaptation strategies in their international markets? Journal of International Business and Cultural Studies, 4(1), 1-30. Retrieved from aabri.com/manuscripts/08043.pdf Kogut, B., Singh, H. (1988). The effect of national culture on the choice of entry mode. Journal of International Business Studies, 19(3), 411-432. Retrieved from http://aib.msu.edu/awards/19_3_88_411.pdf Lynch, R. (2012). Global strategy. Retrieved from global-strategy.net/categories/Balancingglobalandlocal Rentfrow, T. J. (2010). Effectiv e leadership within a multinational environment. Retrieved from regent.edu/acad/global/publications/lao/issue_10/rentfrow.htm Wu, J. (2008). An analysis of business challenges faced by foreign multinationals operating the Chinese market. International Journal of Business and Management, 3(12), 169-174. Retrieved from http://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ijbm/article/download/776/751.

construction grammar - definition and discussion

construction grammar - definition and discussion In linguistics, construction grammar  refers to any of the various approaches to language study that emphasize the role of grammatical constructionsthat is, conventional pairings of form and meaning. Some of the different versions of construction grammar are considered below. Construction grammar is a theory of linguistic knowledge. Instead of assuming a clear-cut division of lexicon and syntax, note Hoffmann and Trousdale, Construction Grammarians consider all constructions to be part of a lexicon-syntax continuum (a construction). Examples and Observations James R. HurfordThere are several different versions of Construction Grammar, and my account . . . will describe, quite informally, what they have in common. The common idea is that a speakers knowledge of his language consists of a very large inventory of constructions, where a construction is understood to be of any size and abstractness, from a single word to some grammatical aspect of a sentence, such as its Subject-Predicate structure. Construction Grammar emphasizes that there is a lexicon-syntax continuum, contrary to traditional views in which the lexicon and the syntactic rules are held to be separate components of a grammar. The central motive of Construction Grammar theorists is to account for the extraordinary productivity of human languages, while at the same time recognizing the huge amount of idiosyncratic grammatical data that humans acquire and store. The constructionist approach to grammar offers a way out of the lumper/splitter dilemma (Goldberg 2006, p. 45). The k ey point is that storage of idiosyncratic facts is compatible with deploying these facts productively to generate novel expressions. R.L. TraskCrucially, construction grammars are not derivational. So for example, the active and passive forms of a sentence are regarded as having different conceptual structures rather than one being a transformation of the other. Since construction grammars depend on the conceptual meaning in context, they can be seen as approaches to linguistics that collapse the classical distinctions between semantics, syntax, and pragmatics. The construction is the unit of language, which cuts across these other aspects. So, for example, in They laughed him out of the room, the normally intransitive verb receives a transitive reading and the situation can be interpreted on the basis of the X cause Y to move construction rather than the sytanctic deviance alone. As a result, construction grammars are proving most useful in understanding language acquisition and are being used for second-language teaching, since it is the meaningfulness of the situation which is of primary importance, and syntax and semantics are treated holistically. William Croft and D. Alan CruseAny grammatical theory can be described as offering models of representation of the structure of an utterance, and models of organization of the relationship between utterance structures (presumably, in a speakers mind). The latter are sometimes described in terms of levels of representation, linked by derivational rules. But construction grammar is a nonderivational model (like, for instance, Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar), and so a more general description of this aspect of grammatical theory is organization.Different versions of construction grammar will be briefly outlined . . .. We survey four variants of construction grammar found in cognitive linguisticsConstruction Grammar (in capital letters; Kay and Fillmore 1999; Kay et al. in prep.), the construction grammar of Lakoff (1987) and Goldberg (1995), Cognitive Grammar (Langacker 1987, 1991) and Radical Construction Grammar (Croft 2001)and focus on the distinctive characteristics of each th eory. . . .It should be noted that the different theories tend to focus on different issues, representing their distinctive positions vis––vis the other theories. For example, Construction Grammar explores syntactic relations and inheritance in detail; the Lakoff/Goldberg model focuses more on categorization relations between constructions; Cognitive Grammar focuses on semantic categories and relations; and Radical Construction Grammar focuses on syntactic categories and typological universals. Finally, the last three theories all endorse the usage-based model... Thomas Hoffmann and Graeme TrousdaleOne of the central concepts of linguistics is the Saussurean notion of the linguistic sign as an arbitrary and conventional pairing of form (or sound pattern/signifiant) and meaning (or mental concept/signife; cf., e.g., de Saussure [1916] 2006: 65-70). Under this view, the German sign Apfel and its Hungarian equivalent alma have the same underlying meaning apple, but different associated conventional forms . . .. Over 70 years after Saussures death, several linguists then explicitly started to explore the idea that arbitrary form-meaning pairings might not only be a useful concept for describing words or morphemes but that perhaps all levels of grammatical description involve such conventionalized form-meaning pairings. This extended notion of the Saussurean sign has become known as construction (which includes morphemes, words, idioms, and abstract phrasal patterns) and the various linguistic approaches exploring this idea were labeled Constructi on Grammar. Jan-Ola Ãâ€"stman and Mirjam Fried[One] precursor to Construction Grammar is a model that was also developed at the University of California at Berkeley in the late 1970s, within the tradition of Generative Semantics. This was the work of George Lakoff and informally known as Gestalt Grammar (Lakoff 1977). Lakoffs experiential approach to syntax was based on the view that the grammatical function of a sentence constituent holds only in relation to a particular sentence type as a whole. Specific constellations of relations such as Subject and Object thus constituted complex patterns, or gestalts. . . . Lakoffs (1977: 246-247) list of 15 characteristics of linguistic gestalts contains many of the features that have become definitional criteria of constructions in Construction Grammar, including, for example, the formulation that Gestalts are at once holistic and analyzable. They have parts, but the wholes are not reducible to the parts.

Role of women in math science and engineering field Essay

Role of women in math science and engineering field - Essay Example Most of the medieval French women scientists living in the ‘Witch Craze’ timeline, such as Martine de Martine de Berterau du Chatalet (famously as Baroness de Beausoleil), did not have formal education. They grew up in social environments conducive for intellectual development or lived in families of scientists. However, the case of Martine de Berterau du Chatalet is not clear, but records indicate that she was married to Jean de Chastelet, Baron de Beausoleil et dAuffenbach and a renowned expert in mining and mineralogy in Europe during the seventeenth century. There are limited sources of information and facts concerning French women scientists, especially during the Witch Craze. This is partly due to the obsession of secrecy by female scientists fearing to be branded as witches. In the mediaeval society, the fear of witchcraft led to the death of a significant number of women, majority of whom constituted the wise women of the French community in the fields of midwifery, alchemists, and herbalists (Rayner-Canham 23). This is what befell Baroness de Beausoleil. Baroness de Beausoleil sought to practice modern science in the seventeenth century. She used a variety of metal rods and hazel branches to locate water and rich mineral deposits. Together with her husband, they travelled through Hungarian, Germany, Polish, Central Europe, Scotia, Sweden, and Papal States, exploring and discovering deposits and mines, as well as studying the basement resources and the prospecting and mining operations in Bolivia. Her tools, practices, and methods incorporated alchemy, astrology, and dowsing. In the book â€Å"Woman in Science†, Mozans reflects Baroness de Beausoleil as lacking patience with those who believed that the hidden treasures of the earth could not be found without the aid of demons or witchcraft magic. More significantly, the book highlights her ridicule to those who believing in

Land law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Land law - Essay Example in respect of the land., these can be express covenants agreed between the parties or implied covenants as a matter of law (implied could be the obligation of the tenant to pay rent under the equitable lease. (Shiloh Spinners v Harding)1). Lord Templeman in Street v Mountford2 said that the essential feature of a lease is that exclusive possession of the property is given to a person for specified term, in return of rent. The most important issues in respect of exclusive possession is the fact that it gives ownership to the person for a specified period of time, and because of it being a proprietary interest, it can be assigned, and may be binding on subsequent owners of reversion. In the case of a license it is more of a personal right, binding on parties who created it. (Lloyd v. Dugdale)3. Furthermore, in the case of leases the landlord’s right is restricted to remove tenants and to set rent, this is contrary to what happens in the case of licences. Therefore the distinctio n of lease and licence is of the essence. The deciding factor in respect of lease and licence is that of exclusive possession. Exclusive possession is determined by the facts and surrounding circumstances and other factors. Labels in themselves are therefore not decisive, and so the intention of the parties are not relevant, but the substance of rights that have been created have been construed to be relevant. There are certain exemptions where even if the occupier is in exclusive possession a lease is not created ( Lord Denning in Facchini v Bryson)4. In accordance with Lord Templeman in Street, the fact that the substance of agreement and not the label, is what is important, restricts the situations whereby a license would be construed. From the facts, it can be construed that exclusive possession was granted to Tom. The next element that is important is the fact that it must be for a certain term. This is clearly the case as Lionel agreed to grant Tom a lease for five years. The next element of tenancy is that of rent as specified by Lord Templeman in Street. Clearly Tom was under an obligation pay the rent as well as the premium. Thus in the current situation a lease has been created. As far as creation of a lease is concerned, that is done in two stages, the first being the contract being concluded so as to grant a lease between the landlord and tenant, and the next step is that of the execution of the contract by grant of lease by deed. For the existence of a legal lease of more than three years or where a premium is charged are legal only if they are executed by deed, a requirement under section 52(1) of the Law of Property act 1925. A deed has been defined as a formal written document and in accordance with section 1 of Law of Property (Miscellaneous) Provisions Act 1989, a said document is construed to be a deed only if it expressly declared itself to be a deed and is witnessed by one other person. As far as equitable leases are concerned, they tend t o exist when an enforceable contract is entered into between the landl

Financial Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Financial Plan - Assignment Example Depreciation of truck is at 10% straight line method 2.50 vending machines were purchased 3. The selling price and the purchase prices do not change over the five years 4. On the third year we replaced 10 vending machines that were vandalized 5. The purchase price for meals, snacks and drinks are 4$, 0.75$ and 0.75$ respectively 6. The selling price for meals, snacks and drinks are 5$, 1$ and 1$ respectively 7. After every 6 months we increased purchases by half of the previous period up to the third year. For the fourth year and fifth year, the purchases were 400 units, 2000 units and 2000 units per month for meals, snacks and drinks respectively. 8. On the beginning of the fourth year were acquired a new truck for delivery. It is to be depreciated at 10% straight line method. A detailed description on how to plan the startup requirements I conducted an analysis of the places to start the business. This are places where people require fast foods and drinks. I located ten sites and f or each site five vendor machines are to be placed. The starting capital of the business is 300k, 100 from the team and 200 from outsiders. This amount is to be distributed equally among assets, labor, and maintenances among other expenses. Vending machine being the most important asset is the first to be purchased. A vendor machine cost 200 and purchases for fifty machines were made and distributed at each location. Products provide are; meals, drinks and snacks at each vendor. As I begin, drinks are bought at four dollars and sold at five dollars realizing a profit of a dollar per drink. Meals are bought at .75 and sold at a dollar similarly to snacks realizing a profit of a .25 dollar per meal and snack. The units per the product served rise at a half percent in semiannual basis during the five year period. After every 6 months we increased purchases by half of the previous period up to the third year. For the fourth year and fifth year, the purchases were 400 units, 2000 units a nd 2000 units per month for meals, snacks and drinks respectively. This help account for business growth and development of the business. At the starting periods many variable assets are inclusive thus the reason of lower starting stock, as progress is made profits are realized within the period thus on the third year we replaced 10 vending machines that were vandalized. CASHFLOW STATEMENT YR 1 Sources of fund Equity 100 Investors 200 Capital available 300 Sales 2205 Reserves 180 Expenditures Vending machines 100 Truck 10 CCTV cameras 10 Purchases 1725 Balance sheet after year 5 NON-CURRENT ASSETS Vending machine (50 units) 100 Truck (2 units) 20 Less depreciation 7 13 CCTV for security (50 units) 10 CURRENT ASSETS Bank Cash Stock 45 FINANCED BY Equity 100 Investors 200 Net profit 2901.063 Break analysis chart At the breakeven point revenue=expenditure References Williams Jade (2008). Finance and accounting. Stanford publishers, Canada Hilliard, V. E. (2007). Financial accounting 8t h edition. Oxford

The History Of Hotel Radisson Marketing Essay

The History Of Hotel Radisson Marketing Essay For my course I have come up with a strategic plan or business plan of a hotel business. I have been asked to choose a travel and tourism organization and discuss about its position in travel industry, doing its marketing research and report and its sustainability and corporate social responsibility. So in this report I will try to focus n the operation and the management issues in tourism from an industrial point of view. For my product, I have chosen to use an already existing brand name in hotel and tourism industry Radisson Blue, formerly Radisson SAS, is the brand name for  Radisson Hotels  outside the United States, including those in Europe, Africa, and Asia. This report is divided in four sections as in first section Radisson Blu hotels position in the tourism industry is analyzed and focuses is given on the stakeholders and macro environmental issues. The second marketing report section focus has been given on Radissons business strategy especially on its products and di fferent strategies of pricing and proportioning and distribution. Marketing mix is discussed in that section from Radissons perspective. The following section contains the hotels performance evaluation through employee and customers satisfaction survey. A research plan has been set; two sets of open ended questionnaire have been structured and data been collected from customers of two Hotels establishment of Radisson located in London. All the data found from primary and secondary sources been analyzed and on that basis recommendation has been given. In the last section corporate social responsibility issue has been discussed in Radissons perspective. The questionnaire samples have been included in the appendix end of the report. Introduction of Radisson Blue hotel: Radisson Hotels Resorts is one of the leading, full-service global hotel companies. It has its business over 420 locations in 73 countries.   They are passionate about Yes I Can! service philosophy which empowering the employees to make sure that they are entirely satisfied for the duration of the stay. This is a major international hotel company. The first Radisson hotel was founded on December 15th, 1909 in South Seventh Street in Minneapolis, Minnesota. It was specified named after 17th century French traveler Pierre-Esprit Radisson. In 1962 the establishment was bought by Curt Carlson (1914-1999) as it is still owned by Carlson. With the headquarters of the parent company Carlson; the companies is located on the suburbs of Minneapolis, Minnesota, the city where the first Radisson Hotel was built. The company started the business with around 250 staffs. Fifty feminine staff survived in the hotel as did some of the chefs. (Task 1-Situation Analysis) 1-a) Radisson and sectors of travel and tourism industry: The tourism business is based on numerous dissimilar components and they are interconnected. Many businesses cover more than one segment and the impact in one element of the tourism industry has noteworthy implication for additional sector. The tourism industry has been separated into several unlike sectors. Such as: Accommodation Adventure and recreation Attraction Food and beverage Events and conference Transportation Travel and trade. All these sectors are interrelated and as a travel and tourism company Radisson is spreading its business through almost all sectors in tourism by generating job opportunities and its unique services to the customers especially in accommodation, events and conferences, travel trade and food and beverage sectors. 1-b) Stakeholders and their interest: A stakeholder is any personality or group who can affect or is affected by the actions, decisions, policies, practices, or goals of the organization. (Freeman 1984, 25). The person or group has interest through the overall activities of the business. And they are classified into internal and external stakeholders. Figure 1: Stakeholder analysis (Marlene Gundlach, 3/22/2011)http://img.bhs4.com/90/d/90d78332987fa6def2305690485f6646d2d944b4_large.jpg Internal stakeholders are those from contained by the industry, e.g. shareholders, managers and the employees. In case of hotel Radisson, the internal stakeholders are managers, staff and employees of the hotel, and there is no doubt that the owners are the most important stakeholders among all of them. The staff and employees get the remunerated from business in a straight line and do service for the business and thus are classified as internal stakeholders. As a definition of business dictionary the external stakeholders are such as suppliers, government, financiers that influence and are influenced by organization but are not its internal part. Radissons key external stakeholders are its 1.Customers 2.Suppliers 3.Media 4.Shareholders 5.Government 6.Banks 7.CommunityGroups 8. NGOs As the main internal stakeholder of hotel Radisson the owners are always concerned about the growth and profit the business establishment is making in a year. The managers are deeply concern about their performance and salary. On the other hand as external stakeholder Shareholders play very important roles for hotel Radisson because they have contribution on the capital to the business and look ahead to share from the profit. Radisson needs the support of shareholders to make available funds to increase the business. Shareholders have a straight interest in considering the business develop into more productivity. Government and regulatory also set a variety of technical and lawful necessities. Radisson must execute with strategy and rules put by the governments and hotel company scheme in the countries in which it activates. Customers always desire Radisson to make available high standard service at a sensible value. The Community also has a stake in the Radissons dealing as employer of neighboring people. Business activity does affect the local surroundings. 1-c) The Macro environment The macro environmental factors include all the aspects influencing an organization. It is the external and uncontrollable factors that influence a companys development. An industry must be acquainted with the worth of each of the macro environment factors; such as, economic, demographics, and lifestyle, technology and natural forces. In our case Radisson should study all the macro environment factors before it set up a new business in at any place in the world as each of the forces has effect on the market. The radical and ongoing changes occurring in society create an uncertain environment and have an impact on the function of the whole  organization (Tsiakkiros, 2002). It is constantly changing, and the big business needs to be stretchy to take up with it. Radisson HotelTo help analysis this factors managers can categories them using the PESTEL model. Social Cultural Technological Political Legal Economic Demographic Figure 2: The overview of Macro Environment Radisson hotel. (Field work) Economic Trends:  Changeability in personal disposable income, inflation and interest rate and the rate of unemployment are generally focused in the macroeconomic environmental analysis. The recent growth of GDP in central Europe has made luxury of hotel Radisson more reasonable to the common public. Another constructive feature for the hotel is the luxury accommodation sector is mostly unaffected by the 2007 recession (Kiessling, Balekjian, Oehmichen, 2009). But intermittent exchange rates, the inflation and tax rates pose negative impact to the tourism industry. Political and Legal Trends:  The macro political environment analysis will identify changes in the position politicians take on issues. A current example is a shift towards greener policies in the developed world. The macro legal environment analysis is closely linked to the political environment (politicians tend to make the laws), but also includes trends in court decisions such as liability compensation. As a luxury accommodation sector hotel Radisson gets huge government incentives for the development of new hotel projects, as new hotels will ultimately increase a countrys GDP. On the other hand government charge big amount of taxes on the star categorisation of the hotel. As a hotel within the UK hotel Radisson must comply with all health and safety laws and suffers from serious consequences if not obeyed Technological Trends:  The macro technological environment analysis will identify changes in the application of technology. A current example is a shift towards online transactions and in some areas a shift away from online transactions. New spa facilities and new Illness treatment concepts of hotel Radisson are beneficial for any spa, as they attract potential customers. Social/Cultural Trends:  The macro social/cultural environment analysis will identify trends in societys beliefs, behaviours, values and norms. Change of lifestyle: People take less time off for holidays, but spend more money on shorter trips such as Iekend luxury spa packages. Demographic Trends:  The macro demographic analysis identifies trends in population growth at relevant ages for your industry the population location. So, PESTEL environment is so important for Radisson hotel business. As it identifies the opportunities and threats that lie within it. By understanding the environment in which Radisson is operating the business opportunities can be taken advantage of and threats can be minimized 1-d) Marketing Issues For a business it is necessary to understand its issues both external and internal or situation including its own capability, customers and the market environment to set its aim to satisfy customers need in a profitable manner. It need to also focus on its changing environment where it operates its business. Marketing issues are the highest priority problems that have negative impact on selling and advertising of a business. It is mandatory for any business establishment to identify the key dealing issues as it helps the managers to frame their managerial activities and implementing their decision. 5c analysis is a very useful structure to undergo a situation analysis. Its an environmental scan of the major 5 key areas of marketing decision making including internal, micro and macro environmental issues. Like all other business establishment Radisson hotels situation issues focus on 5C. As means Figure 3: 5C issues for Radisson (Lecture note) Company: Company breakdown is sanction for the evaluation of the companys purpose, policy, and aptitude. These parts identify to a Radisson hotel corporation on the plot of the business model. Radisson as a product and image of the hotel in the travel and tourism industry, the technology it is using and experiencing and on the end its objective comprises company issues. Competitor: The competitors position in a business establishment and the threat that that can be potentially posed by this competitors is taken into consideration in competitor analysis. This is an analysis enabling the business to identify the potential and current competitors and their capabilities. For my selected company Radisson Blu major competitors are Hilton, Sheraton and Marriott. From that perspective identifying and assessing the competitors as well as predicting future initiative of theses competitors is necessary for the business growth of hotel Radisson. These early insight of the potential activities of Hilton, Sheraton and hotel Marriott will keep Radisson prepared against the competition posed by them. Customers: Its can be massive and complicated. Significant part of this scrutiny likes; Demographic Wants needs Income level Market size growth Motivation Distribution, etc. Collaborator: Distributors, suppliers and alliances comprises the collaborators issue. It determines if there are any external sources or facility is available to assist the company goal. Collaborators are always ready to lend their extended Radisson as they let for a move up in the edifice of thoughts, when lifts up in the opportunity of in advance new sponsorship identification. Radisson always maintains warm approach to its collaborators. It celebrates the birthdays of its collaborators on a monthly basis and special lunch and present been arranged to make them happy. Climate: Climate is imperative concern in any big business. It comprises all the macro environmental factors including political and regulator, social and cultural and economic environment. Most of the climate issues been referred to the pest analysis. Radissons pest analysis is broken down in the above section. (Task 2 Marketing Report) 2-a): Segmenting Targeting and positioning: (STP) applied by Radisson and its main product or service. Segmentation: Market segmentation is personalising the marketplace into subgroup based on comparable description of customer. Market segmentation can be completed by undertaking a do research and analyzing the results of the customers needs or wants. There are four types of market segmentation strategies:    I. Behaviour segmentation behaviour segmentation is the dissection of the customers in accordance with their life style of the, pattern of exchange or purchasing and using their money.    II. Demographic segmentation in this segment customers are divided according to their demographic status as married, divorced, single or widowed. Each group is treated separately and differently. III. Geographic segmentation -in this method customers are classified according to the area, region, state and district they live in.    IV. Physiographic segmentation physiographic segmentation is like the behavioural segmentation with some dissimilarity of including customers attitudes, expectations and activities. Radisson uses subdivision marketing process where the market is separated into sub-groups and these groups are given dissimilar hotel services. As an Ill known brand, Radisson for the most part serves to the advanced income earners of different countries. Since Radisson hotels comprise hotels in several countries and work internationally by capturing most of market share of not only state but also global market, as a result the market is divided internationally different countries and diverse culture of different countries. Targeting- After dividing the market into subgroups customers are selected according to their requirements and if they go with with the resources obtainable to the firm. Hence, targeting is a procedure that takes place after segmentation is completed. Radisson provides services to only those who can manage to pay for to pay for high end lavishness services. Thus, a new target market of recently Added couples fit best with the resources (services) Radisson can provide. The rate per night is surely being high enough and the suits provided could be changed for fitting a honeymoon couples needs. At present, Radisson serves mainly to business class travellers and highly educated and high income earners. Mostly these customers visit Radisson regularly but not with their families. Thus the new target of newly Added couples will be a profitable idea for Radisson. Market positioning: Market positioning is introduction of a product into a exacting position in a marketplace by referring to the users perception. Positioning is an indispensable implement that as it allows the customers to generate their personal observation of the product. The illustration in their mind is the representative of the clients and this make them encompass the potential of to choose a superior product. Radisson before now has a trademark image of its own in its customers intellect of being extremely Ill presumed hotels providing services to principally elevated takings earners. At current, Radissons aim to most of its clients is providing facility to most trade person. Radisson is not prepared for wedded couples yet. After targeting a new market section of the newly married couples, Radisson needs to as Ill make an intuition on its hotels as being the ideal one for the wedded couples. It is also extremely necessary to look for the competitor while incoming this new marketplace. Radisson must place itself in a worse form than its competitor while beginning the deal as they have to generate an image such as Best for the Best. 2-b): Pricing strategies: Due to the competition of five star hotels industry in worldwide that is going to be tighter and tighter, many five star    hotels conduct particular pricing strategy to yield even greater profit besides using basic pricing. In some markets, managers can enhance profits above those they would earn by simply charging a single per-unit price to all consumers. In our chosen hotel Industry Radisson several pricing strategy have been followed as few of them listed below: Price discrimination   Price discrimination is the practice of charging different prices to consumers of the same service. In this case, hotels can earn higher profit by charging different prices for the same service. In some cases hotel offers special discounts for consumers who will book rooms and pay it with credit cards. In this way they are able to charge different prices to different consumers depending on each consumers willingness and ability to pay. Peak-load pricing Most hotels have periods in which demand is high and periods in which demand is low. For example, when holiday season, number of urban people from outside Jakarta, such as Medan and Surabaya, prefer going to the capital city, Jakarta, to travelling during short holiday periods, mainly due to their constraint budgets and limited time.    As a consequence, four and five star hotels located in Jakartas Central Business District and shopping area, such as Mulia and    Grand Hyatt, gain more benefits Commodity bundling A significant amount of sales revenue of hotels in Indonesia also comes from the usage of ballrooms and meeting rooms.    Ballrooms are particularly popular for Idding occasions and special corporate events; while meeting rooms are often chosen by corporate and governmental departments from other provinces as places to meet up.    For example, five-star hotels offer Idding package for Idding occasions, not only ballroom as place for the occasion but also other services, such as catering, pre-Idding photo, and parking voucher. All those services are grouped together into a bundle and price charged to customers depends on the service offerings. Table VIII describes various Idding packages which are offered by Borobudur Hotel. Block Pricing: By packaging units of a product and selling them as one package, hotels can earn more profit than by selling per unit price of service. They have to pack identical services together and offer loIr price than per-unit of service. This pricing strategy called block pricing which identical product are packaged together by forcing consumers to make all-or-none decision to purchase. This way is expected to be able to increase profit received by a hotel. Price matching: In hotel industry, pricing strategy is one thing that can be used to attract consumers. Each hotel competes to satisfy its customers while it also earns more profit on that. But, in cases where trigger strategy does not work, there is another way that can be used by hotels to attain higher profit. A hotel can use a price matching strategy to advertise a price and promise to match any Loir price offered by a competitor. With our Best Rates Guarantee you can book any hotel at  radissonblu.com  and be confident you are receiving the best hotel room rate available on the IB guaranteed. If you find a Loir rate within 24 hours of booking and at least 48 hours prior to your arrival date, submit a claim and I will honor the Loir rate and discount it by 25%. Book today! 2-c): The promotional and distribution mix: Promotion mix is the combination of advertising, sales promotion, public relations, personal selling and direct marketing tools that a company uses to communicate value and build relationships. (Kotler Armstrong, 2008). A disinterested mix of this aspect is needed to put together and retain cost-effective customer interaction.   Radisson has focused on promotion policies that relate to customers at a individual level, because of this it has stay left from mass advertising and mass medium outlet, and has decided on an close communication approach in order to preserve a connection with consumers on a private level. Also, sale promotions such as coupon are sent using online mail list. Radisson at present has an conventional email list, where it update consumers on the subject of new product, promotion, and events happen. Radisson is pretty discerning in choose electronic Medias. It chooses the exact media for the promotion of advertisement, as a customer can understand. As an example Radisson uses newspaper Jakarta post demonstrating accurate media at foreign market booth and FM smart for radio. Several distribution channels can be used to as a distribution strategy for a service industry like Radisson to bring out a new product or promotion to the customers. Companies may focus on a particular channel as a distribution strategy but sometimes selecting or using several channels help the company to maximise the link between customers and them; as consumers has more option to chose from and the service is available in different forms. In a service industry Radisson operates its distribution as direct sales in personal and through internet. As customer can book their rooms through internet and always get the update of new product and promotions. 2-d): 3ps of extended marketing mix: The marketing mix is the premeditated or prepared part of a marketing arrangement. The marketing mix is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the set of controllable set of tactical marketing tools product, price, place and promotion- that the firm blends to produce the response it wants in the target market. Kotler and Armstrong (2010) It is also called as 4ps the 7Ps. The 4Ps are price,  place,  product  and  promotion. The  services marketing mix  is also called the 7Ps and includes the addition of  process,  people  and  physical evidence. Services Marketing Mix refers to the amalgamation of promotion activities associations engage in to prop up and sell ethereal service, as contrasting to physical goods. Marketing professional and individual use numerous strategies to create a center of attention and preserve their consumers. These actions encompass of diverse perceptions, the most significant one being the marketing blend. Marketing tactic is incorporated with the selling program, or marketing mix. The marketing mixes conventionally include variables such as price, product, promotion, and place. Here is an extend to conceptualize the function of the supplementary 3Ps and how they ought to be managed, in particular in the service business like hotel Radisson Blue. People: Referring to the distinctiveness of services discussed, services are not concrete and necessitate be forming and using concurrently. The value of people in the service delivery system becomes extremely important in the co-creation of value. (Gabriel, 2005). Consumers connect the charge of the service to the distinctiveness of the service contributor. This involves a remarkable need for the service provider to comprehend their involvement to the service eminence. If there is a divergence of the predictable assessment by the consumers to what the consumers are presented, there will be a discernment breach. Physical Aspects: Physical aspect sometimes termed as customer service. It has got the place at the circle of the expanded marketing mix as it got significant impact on the other components of extended marketing mix. That is the only tangible part of the service a hotel can provide. As for instance for our case studies hotel Radisson Blue the compactness and tidiness of the reception desk, the rooms and other amenities outline component of the physical feature of the service. The character of the service deliverance together with the lead-time is as Ill part of the consumer service. Customer service does have an effect on the other apparatus because it is almost the amalgamation of the presentation of all workings of expanded marketing mix. Process: The service provider need to be sound conversant of the means the service is breed and delivered to the consumers. In this case the feature of message, communication purpose and strategy forms components of process information. There should not be mystification connecting this constituent of marketing blend and that of customary marketing mix up, promotion. Process information is concerning the temperament of the service formation and deliverance structure while advertising is about informing potential and existing consumers about the accessibility of the product-service. Since consumers are not able to see the service they will construct assurance on the in sequence set to them by service provider about the entire procedure about the service. Some consumers are confrontational, so they will require details regarding the procedure of the service. Once the service contributor is not in no doubt about the in sequence he is giving about the service of the method, customers can entity th e offer. The poIr of IT needs to be incorporated in this constituent as it can pace up the accessibility of the information consequently a good client service to consumers. (TASK 3-Market Research): The American Marketing Association (AMA) has given the most widely accepted definition of marketing. The AMA has defined marketing research as the systematic gathering, recording and analyzing of data about problems relating to the marketing of goods and services In this paper I will discuss the process used in marketing research planning. There are eight steps to take in this process, identifying the problem, creation of the research design,    choosing the method of research, selection of the sampling procedure, collection of data, analysis of the data, writing and presenting the report, and follow up. These steps will insure that the data collected answered the right problem and is useful to the client.    Step 1: Identifying the Problem : Identifying the setback is the first stride in the marketing research planning course of action.    It is must to find out what kind of data I are looking for. Descriptive is the kind of study that asks who what where when and how.    The causal studies ask us more they why, they follow the line of thinking that if one variable changes then the other will alter in a unwiring way.  In this paper I will focus mainly on customers satisfaction about the service of hotel Radisson. Customer like the complimentary advertisement, they can bypass the information by word of mouth. There is research point towards that if you lose a loyalty consumer you may lose 100 possible customers. So, gratify the client is very imperative for the hotel. Last, but not least, for the hotel, consumer is not only consign to the consumers but also refer to the member of staff. Employee is very imperative for the hotel, because they develop Customer Satisfaction endow with the service, the excellence of the service resolve the exterior customers satisfaction. If I want develop the contentment of peripheral customers, I first have to get better the interior employees contentment. All in all, the customer is god; as a hotel Radisson should try their best to gratify the customers. Hotel must find the resourceful ways to keep happy the customers, who help them, make money and win in the rivalry. Step 2: Research Design Any research needs a plan or a formation before data assortment or scrutiny can instigate. A research design is not in a minute a work graph. A work sketch details what has to be completed to complete the assignment but the work plan will flow from the projects research design. The purpose of a research design is to make certain that the confirmation obtained enable us to respond the preliminary question as unequivocally as possible. Step 3: Method of Research Choosing The means of research is to find out what kind of way I will use to collect data.    The three fundamental methods are survey, observation and experiment.    A survey is a where the accomplice is asked a quantity of question, such as a mail survey. Observation is to monitor without straight communication, such as inspecting peoples habits at the shopping centre.    Experiments are type of examine that are defined by the experimenter altering one or more variables. In this paper two sets of Ill developed questionnaire have been structured to evaluate the views of both employees and customers. Step 4: Sampling Procedure Selection of the sampling system is picking out a assembly of people to research. At period it could be very much sturdy to get internal information of the hotel. So I have to select some of very knowledgeable and cordial human resources of hotel Radisson and accumulate the required data. Beside this, I will use internet and conducting e-mail communication to pull together some of the information. Step 5: Collecting Data (primary and secondary) Data are of two types : primary and secondary . Primary Data are those which are composed or collected a new and for the foremost time and thus come about to be unique in nature. On the other hand for secondary data its nature of collecting is purely that    of impediment. primary data is collected through observation and interview method through questionnaire and schedules. On contrary the collection process of secondary data is accomplished by or from various publication of the local government and state or state publication. The secondary data can be collected from the technical and trade journal, books, newspaper and different magazines as Ill as from reports. In my research study I used primary data and I composed it through the questionnaire methods, I collected these data from London. Step 6: Analyzing the Data and presenting the report: Analysis of the data is where I break down the composed data and try to find contacts and of pattern in it to help come back with the research predicament that I started with. One of the most important is, writing and presenting the report. The person heading up the research will have to make sure that the information and recommendation is both credible and justified by the data, if he wants the recommendation to be followed.    The report can be presented in many different ways such as a printed report, digital report, a presentation, or even a combination of them all. Step 7: Following up Follow up with the firm, make sure that the research is being used and interpreted correctly. A good way make sure that the information is going to be used is to make it so each department dont conflict with the others.    Also doing these kinds of follow up can let management know that the researcher does care about the work that was done for the company. For my case study for Radisson Blu