Land law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Land law - Essay Example in respect of the land., these can be express covenants agreed between the parties or implied covenants as a matter of law (implied could be the obligation of the tenant to pay rent under the equitable lease. (Shiloh Spinners v Harding)1). Lord Templeman in Street v Mountford2 said that the essential feature of a lease is that exclusive possession of the property is given to a person for specified term, in return of rent. The most important issues in respect of exclusive possession is the fact that it gives ownership to the person for a specified period of time, and because of it being a proprietary interest, it can be assigned, and may be binding on subsequent owners of reversion. In the case of a license it is more of a personal right, binding on parties who created it. (Lloyd v. Dugdale)3. Furthermore, in the case of leases the landlord’s right is restricted to remove tenants and to set rent, this is contrary to what happens in the case of licences. Therefore the distinctio n of lease and licence is of the essence. The deciding factor in respect of lease and licence is that of exclusive possession. Exclusive possession is determined by the facts and surrounding circumstances and other factors. Labels in themselves are therefore not decisive, and so the intention of the parties are not relevant, but the substance of rights that have been created have been construed to be relevant. There are certain exemptions where even if the occupier is in exclusive possession a lease is not created ( Lord Denning in Facchini v Bryson)4. In accordance with Lord Templeman in Street, the fact that the substance of agreement and not the label, is what is important, restricts the situations whereby a license would be construed. From the facts, it can be construed that exclusive possession was granted to Tom. The next element that is important is the fact that it must be for a certain term. This is clearly the case as Lionel agreed to grant Tom a lease for five years. The next element of tenancy is that of rent as specified by Lord Templeman in Street. Clearly Tom was under an obligation pay the rent as well as the premium. Thus in the current situation a lease has been created. As far as creation of a lease is concerned, that is done in two stages, the first being the contract being concluded so as to grant a lease between the landlord and tenant, and the next step is that of the execution of the contract by grant of lease by deed. For the existence of a legal lease of more than three years or where a premium is charged are legal only if they are executed by deed, a requirement under section 52(1) of the Law of Property act 1925. A deed has been defined as a formal written document and in accordance with section 1 of Law of Property (Miscellaneous) Provisions Act 1989, a said document is construed to be a deed only if it expressly declared itself to be a deed and is witnessed by one other person. As far as equitable leases are concerned, they tend t o exist when an enforceable contract is entered into between the landl

Financial Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Financial Plan - Assignment Example Depreciation of truck is at 10% straight line method 2.50 vending machines were purchased 3. The selling price and the purchase prices do not change over the five years 4. On the third year we replaced 10 vending machines that were vandalized 5. The purchase price for meals, snacks and drinks are 4$, 0.75$ and 0.75$ respectively 6. The selling price for meals, snacks and drinks are 5$, 1$ and 1$ respectively 7. After every 6 months we increased purchases by half of the previous period up to the third year. For the fourth year and fifth year, the purchases were 400 units, 2000 units and 2000 units per month for meals, snacks and drinks respectively. 8. On the beginning of the fourth year were acquired a new truck for delivery. It is to be depreciated at 10% straight line method. A detailed description on how to plan the startup requirements I conducted an analysis of the places to start the business. This are places where people require fast foods and drinks. I located ten sites and f or each site five vendor machines are to be placed. The starting capital of the business is 300k, 100 from the team and 200 from outsiders. This amount is to be distributed equally among assets, labor, and maintenances among other expenses. Vending machine being the most important asset is the first to be purchased. A vendor machine cost 200 and purchases for fifty machines were made and distributed at each location. Products provide are; meals, drinks and snacks at each vendor. As I begin, drinks are bought at four dollars and sold at five dollars realizing a profit of a dollar per drink. Meals are bought at .75 and sold at a dollar similarly to snacks realizing a profit of a .25 dollar per meal and snack. The units per the product served rise at a half percent in semiannual basis during the five year period. After every 6 months we increased purchases by half of the previous period up to the third year. For the fourth year and fifth year, the purchases were 400 units, 2000 units a nd 2000 units per month for meals, snacks and drinks respectively. This help account for business growth and development of the business. At the starting periods many variable assets are inclusive thus the reason of lower starting stock, as progress is made profits are realized within the period thus on the third year we replaced 10 vending machines that were vandalized. CASHFLOW STATEMENT YR 1 Sources of fund Equity 100 Investors 200 Capital available 300 Sales 2205 Reserves 180 Expenditures Vending machines 100 Truck 10 CCTV cameras 10 Purchases 1725 Balance sheet after year 5 NON-CURRENT ASSETS Vending machine (50 units) 100 Truck (2 units) 20 Less depreciation 7 13 CCTV for security (50 units) 10 CURRENT ASSETS Bank Cash Stock 45 FINANCED BY Equity 100 Investors 200 Net profit 2901.063 Break analysis chart At the breakeven point revenue=expenditure References Williams Jade (2008). Finance and accounting. Stanford publishers, Canada Hilliard, V. E. (2007). Financial accounting 8t h edition. Oxford

The History Of Hotel Radisson Marketing Essay

The History Of Hotel Radisson Marketing Essay For my course I have come up with a strategic plan or business plan of a hotel business. I have been asked to choose a travel and tourism organization and discuss about its position in travel industry, doing its marketing research and report and its sustainability and corporate social responsibility. So in this report I will try to focus n the operation and the management issues in tourism from an industrial point of view. For my product, I have chosen to use an already existing brand name in hotel and tourism industry Radisson Blue, formerly Radisson SAS, is the brand name for  Radisson Hotels  outside the United States, including those in Europe, Africa, and Asia. This report is divided in four sections as in first section Radisson Blu hotels position in the tourism industry is analyzed and focuses is given on the stakeholders and macro environmental issues. The second marketing report section focus has been given on Radissons business strategy especially on its products and di fferent strategies of pricing and proportioning and distribution. Marketing mix is discussed in that section from Radissons perspective. The following section contains the hotels performance evaluation through employee and customers satisfaction survey. A research plan has been set; two sets of open ended questionnaire have been structured and data been collected from customers of two Hotels establishment of Radisson located in London. All the data found from primary and secondary sources been analyzed and on that basis recommendation has been given. In the last section corporate social responsibility issue has been discussed in Radissons perspective. The questionnaire samples have been included in the appendix end of the report. Introduction of Radisson Blue hotel: Radisson Hotels Resorts is one of the leading, full-service global hotel companies. It has its business over 420 locations in 73 countries.   They are passionate about Yes I Can! service philosophy which empowering the employees to make sure that they are entirely satisfied for the duration of the stay. This is a major international hotel company. The first Radisson hotel was founded on December 15th, 1909 in South Seventh Street in Minneapolis, Minnesota. It was specified named after 17th century French traveler Pierre-Esprit Radisson. In 1962 the establishment was bought by Curt Carlson (1914-1999) as it is still owned by Carlson. With the headquarters of the parent company Carlson; the companies is located on the suburbs of Minneapolis, Minnesota, the city where the first Radisson Hotel was built. The company started the business with around 250 staffs. Fifty feminine staff survived in the hotel as did some of the chefs. (Task 1-Situation Analysis) 1-a) Radisson and sectors of travel and tourism industry: The tourism business is based on numerous dissimilar components and they are interconnected. Many businesses cover more than one segment and the impact in one element of the tourism industry has noteworthy implication for additional sector. The tourism industry has been separated into several unlike sectors. Such as: Accommodation Adventure and recreation Attraction Food and beverage Events and conference Transportation Travel and trade. All these sectors are interrelated and as a travel and tourism company Radisson is spreading its business through almost all sectors in tourism by generating job opportunities and its unique services to the customers especially in accommodation, events and conferences, travel trade and food and beverage sectors. 1-b) Stakeholders and their interest: A stakeholder is any personality or group who can affect or is affected by the actions, decisions, policies, practices, or goals of the organization. (Freeman 1984, 25). The person or group has interest through the overall activities of the business. And they are classified into internal and external stakeholders. Figure 1: Stakeholder analysis (Marlene Gundlach, 3/22/2011)http://img.bhs4.com/90/d/90d78332987fa6def2305690485f6646d2d944b4_large.jpg Internal stakeholders are those from contained by the industry, e.g. shareholders, managers and the employees. In case of hotel Radisson, the internal stakeholders are managers, staff and employees of the hotel, and there is no doubt that the owners are the most important stakeholders among all of them. The staff and employees get the remunerated from business in a straight line and do service for the business and thus are classified as internal stakeholders. As a definition of business dictionary the external stakeholders are such as suppliers, government, financiers that influence and are influenced by organization but are not its internal part. Radissons key external stakeholders are its 1.Customers 2.Suppliers 3.Media 4.Shareholders 5.Government 6.Banks 7.CommunityGroups 8. NGOs As the main internal stakeholder of hotel Radisson the owners are always concerned about the growth and profit the business establishment is making in a year. The managers are deeply concern about their performance and salary. On the other hand as external stakeholder Shareholders play very important roles for hotel Radisson because they have contribution on the capital to the business and look ahead to share from the profit. Radisson needs the support of shareholders to make available funds to increase the business. Shareholders have a straight interest in considering the business develop into more productivity. Government and regulatory also set a variety of technical and lawful necessities. Radisson must execute with strategy and rules put by the governments and hotel company scheme in the countries in which it activates. Customers always desire Radisson to make available high standard service at a sensible value. The Community also has a stake in the Radissons dealing as employer of neighboring people. Business activity does affect the local surroundings. 1-c) The Macro environment The macro environmental factors include all the aspects influencing an organization. It is the external and uncontrollable factors that influence a companys development. An industry must be acquainted with the worth of each of the macro environment factors; such as, economic, demographics, and lifestyle, technology and natural forces. In our case Radisson should study all the macro environment factors before it set up a new business in at any place in the world as each of the forces has effect on the market. The radical and ongoing changes occurring in society create an uncertain environment and have an impact on the function of the whole  organization (Tsiakkiros, 2002). It is constantly changing, and the big business needs to be stretchy to take up with it. Radisson HotelTo help analysis this factors managers can categories them using the PESTEL model. Social Cultural Technological Political Legal Economic Demographic Figure 2: The overview of Macro Environment Radisson hotel. (Field work) Economic Trends:  Changeability in personal disposable income, inflation and interest rate and the rate of unemployment are generally focused in the macroeconomic environmental analysis. The recent growth of GDP in central Europe has made luxury of hotel Radisson more reasonable to the common public. Another constructive feature for the hotel is the luxury accommodation sector is mostly unaffected by the 2007 recession (Kiessling, Balekjian, Oehmichen, 2009). But intermittent exchange rates, the inflation and tax rates pose negative impact to the tourism industry. Political and Legal Trends:  The macro political environment analysis will identify changes in the position politicians take on issues. A current example is a shift towards greener policies in the developed world. The macro legal environment analysis is closely linked to the political environment (politicians tend to make the laws), but also includes trends in court decisions such as liability compensation. As a luxury accommodation sector hotel Radisson gets huge government incentives for the development of new hotel projects, as new hotels will ultimately increase a countrys GDP. On the other hand government charge big amount of taxes on the star categorisation of the hotel. As a hotel within the UK hotel Radisson must comply with all health and safety laws and suffers from serious consequences if not obeyed Technological Trends:  The macro technological environment analysis will identify changes in the application of technology. A current example is a shift towards online transactions and in some areas a shift away from online transactions. New spa facilities and new Illness treatment concepts of hotel Radisson are beneficial for any spa, as they attract potential customers. Social/Cultural Trends:  The macro social/cultural environment analysis will identify trends in societys beliefs, behaviours, values and norms. Change of lifestyle: People take less time off for holidays, but spend more money on shorter trips such as Iekend luxury spa packages. Demographic Trends:  The macro demographic analysis identifies trends in population growth at relevant ages for your industry the population location. So, PESTEL environment is so important for Radisson hotel business. As it identifies the opportunities and threats that lie within it. By understanding the environment in which Radisson is operating the business opportunities can be taken advantage of and threats can be minimized 1-d) Marketing Issues For a business it is necessary to understand its issues both external and internal or situation including its own capability, customers and the market environment to set its aim to satisfy customers need in a profitable manner. It need to also focus on its changing environment where it operates its business. Marketing issues are the highest priority problems that have negative impact on selling and advertising of a business. It is mandatory for any business establishment to identify the key dealing issues as it helps the managers to frame their managerial activities and implementing their decision. 5c analysis is a very useful structure to undergo a situation analysis. Its an environmental scan of the major 5 key areas of marketing decision making including internal, micro and macro environmental issues. Like all other business establishment Radisson hotels situation issues focus on 5C. As means Figure 3: 5C issues for Radisson (Lecture note) Company: Company breakdown is sanction for the evaluation of the companys purpose, policy, and aptitude. These parts identify to a Radisson hotel corporation on the plot of the business model. Radisson as a product and image of the hotel in the travel and tourism industry, the technology it is using and experiencing and on the end its objective comprises company issues. Competitor: The competitors position in a business establishment and the threat that that can be potentially posed by this competitors is taken into consideration in competitor analysis. This is an analysis enabling the business to identify the potential and current competitors and their capabilities. For my selected company Radisson Blu major competitors are Hilton, Sheraton and Marriott. From that perspective identifying and assessing the competitors as well as predicting future initiative of theses competitors is necessary for the business growth of hotel Radisson. These early insight of the potential activities of Hilton, Sheraton and hotel Marriott will keep Radisson prepared against the competition posed by them. Customers: Its can be massive and complicated. Significant part of this scrutiny likes; Demographic Wants needs Income level Market size growth Motivation Distribution, etc. Collaborator: Distributors, suppliers and alliances comprises the collaborators issue. It determines if there are any external sources or facility is available to assist the company goal. Collaborators are always ready to lend their extended Radisson as they let for a move up in the edifice of thoughts, when lifts up in the opportunity of in advance new sponsorship identification. Radisson always maintains warm approach to its collaborators. It celebrates the birthdays of its collaborators on a monthly basis and special lunch and present been arranged to make them happy. Climate: Climate is imperative concern in any big business. It comprises all the macro environmental factors including political and regulator, social and cultural and economic environment. Most of the climate issues been referred to the pest analysis. Radissons pest analysis is broken down in the above section. (Task 2 Marketing Report) 2-a): Segmenting Targeting and positioning: (STP) applied by Radisson and its main product or service. Segmentation: Market segmentation is personalising the marketplace into subgroup based on comparable description of customer. Market segmentation can be completed by undertaking a do research and analyzing the results of the customers needs or wants. There are four types of market segmentation strategies:    I. Behaviour segmentation behaviour segmentation is the dissection of the customers in accordance with their life style of the, pattern of exchange or purchasing and using their money.    II. Demographic segmentation in this segment customers are divided according to their demographic status as married, divorced, single or widowed. Each group is treated separately and differently. III. Geographic segmentation -in this method customers are classified according to the area, region, state and district they live in.    IV. Physiographic segmentation physiographic segmentation is like the behavioural segmentation with some dissimilarity of including customers attitudes, expectations and activities. Radisson uses subdivision marketing process where the market is separated into sub-groups and these groups are given dissimilar hotel services. As an Ill known brand, Radisson for the most part serves to the advanced income earners of different countries. Since Radisson hotels comprise hotels in several countries and work internationally by capturing most of market share of not only state but also global market, as a result the market is divided internationally different countries and diverse culture of different countries. Targeting- After dividing the market into subgroups customers are selected according to their requirements and if they go with with the resources obtainable to the firm. Hence, targeting is a procedure that takes place after segmentation is completed. Radisson provides services to only those who can manage to pay for to pay for high end lavishness services. Thus, a new target market of recently Added couples fit best with the resources (services) Radisson can provide. The rate per night is surely being high enough and the suits provided could be changed for fitting a honeymoon couples needs. At present, Radisson serves mainly to business class travellers and highly educated and high income earners. Mostly these customers visit Radisson regularly but not with their families. Thus the new target of newly Added couples will be a profitable idea for Radisson. Market positioning: Market positioning is introduction of a product into a exacting position in a marketplace by referring to the users perception. Positioning is an indispensable implement that as it allows the customers to generate their personal observation of the product. The illustration in their mind is the representative of the clients and this make them encompass the potential of to choose a superior product. Radisson before now has a trademark image of its own in its customers intellect of being extremely Ill presumed hotels providing services to principally elevated takings earners. At current, Radissons aim to most of its clients is providing facility to most trade person. Radisson is not prepared for wedded couples yet. After targeting a new market section of the newly married couples, Radisson needs to as Ill make an intuition on its hotels as being the ideal one for the wedded couples. It is also extremely necessary to look for the competitor while incoming this new marketplace. Radisson must place itself in a worse form than its competitor while beginning the deal as they have to generate an image such as Best for the Best. 2-b): Pricing strategies: Due to the competition of five star hotels industry in worldwide that is going to be tighter and tighter, many five star    hotels conduct particular pricing strategy to yield even greater profit besides using basic pricing. In some markets, managers can enhance profits above those they would earn by simply charging a single per-unit price to all consumers. In our chosen hotel Industry Radisson several pricing strategy have been followed as few of them listed below: Price discrimination   Price discrimination is the practice of charging different prices to consumers of the same service. In this case, hotels can earn higher profit by charging different prices for the same service. In some cases hotel offers special discounts for consumers who will book rooms and pay it with credit cards. In this way they are able to charge different prices to different consumers depending on each consumers willingness and ability to pay. Peak-load pricing Most hotels have periods in which demand is high and periods in which demand is low. For example, when holiday season, number of urban people from outside Jakarta, such as Medan and Surabaya, prefer going to the capital city, Jakarta, to travelling during short holiday periods, mainly due to their constraint budgets and limited time.    As a consequence, four and five star hotels located in Jakartas Central Business District and shopping area, such as Mulia and    Grand Hyatt, gain more benefits Commodity bundling A significant amount of sales revenue of hotels in Indonesia also comes from the usage of ballrooms and meeting rooms.    Ballrooms are particularly popular for Idding occasions and special corporate events; while meeting rooms are often chosen by corporate and governmental departments from other provinces as places to meet up.    For example, five-star hotels offer Idding package for Idding occasions, not only ballroom as place for the occasion but also other services, such as catering, pre-Idding photo, and parking voucher. All those services are grouped together into a bundle and price charged to customers depends on the service offerings. Table VIII describes various Idding packages which are offered by Borobudur Hotel. Block Pricing: By packaging units of a product and selling them as one package, hotels can earn more profit than by selling per unit price of service. They have to pack identical services together and offer loIr price than per-unit of service. This pricing strategy called block pricing which identical product are packaged together by forcing consumers to make all-or-none decision to purchase. This way is expected to be able to increase profit received by a hotel. Price matching: In hotel industry, pricing strategy is one thing that can be used to attract consumers. Each hotel competes to satisfy its customers while it also earns more profit on that. But, in cases where trigger strategy does not work, there is another way that can be used by hotels to attain higher profit. A hotel can use a price matching strategy to advertise a price and promise to match any Loir price offered by a competitor. With our Best Rates Guarantee you can book any hotel at  radissonblu.com  and be confident you are receiving the best hotel room rate available on the IB guaranteed. If you find a Loir rate within 24 hours of booking and at least 48 hours prior to your arrival date, submit a claim and I will honor the Loir rate and discount it by 25%. Book today! 2-c): The promotional and distribution mix: Promotion mix is the combination of advertising, sales promotion, public relations, personal selling and direct marketing tools that a company uses to communicate value and build relationships. (Kotler Armstrong, 2008). A disinterested mix of this aspect is needed to put together and retain cost-effective customer interaction.   Radisson has focused on promotion policies that relate to customers at a individual level, because of this it has stay left from mass advertising and mass medium outlet, and has decided on an close communication approach in order to preserve a connection with consumers on a private level. Also, sale promotions such as coupon are sent using online mail list. Radisson at present has an conventional email list, where it update consumers on the subject of new product, promotion, and events happen. Radisson is pretty discerning in choose electronic Medias. It chooses the exact media for the promotion of advertisement, as a customer can understand. As an example Radisson uses newspaper Jakarta post demonstrating accurate media at foreign market booth and FM smart for radio. Several distribution channels can be used to as a distribution strategy for a service industry like Radisson to bring out a new product or promotion to the customers. Companies may focus on a particular channel as a distribution strategy but sometimes selecting or using several channels help the company to maximise the link between customers and them; as consumers has more option to chose from and the service is available in different forms. In a service industry Radisson operates its distribution as direct sales in personal and through internet. As customer can book their rooms through internet and always get the update of new product and promotions. 2-d): 3ps of extended marketing mix: The marketing mix is the premeditated or prepared part of a marketing arrangement. The marketing mix is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the set of controllable set of tactical marketing tools product, price, place and promotion- that the firm blends to produce the response it wants in the target market. Kotler and Armstrong (2010) It is also called as 4ps the 7Ps. The 4Ps are price,  place,  product  and  promotion. The  services marketing mix  is also called the 7Ps and includes the addition of  process,  people  and  physical evidence. Services Marketing Mix refers to the amalgamation of promotion activities associations engage in to prop up and sell ethereal service, as contrasting to physical goods. Marketing professional and individual use numerous strategies to create a center of attention and preserve their consumers. These actions encompass of diverse perceptions, the most significant one being the marketing blend. Marketing tactic is incorporated with the selling program, or marketing mix. The marketing mixes conventionally include variables such as price, product, promotion, and place. Here is an extend to conceptualize the function of the supplementary 3Ps and how they ought to be managed, in particular in the service business like hotel Radisson Blue. People: Referring to the distinctiveness of services discussed, services are not concrete and necessitate be forming and using concurrently. The value of people in the service delivery system becomes extremely important in the co-creation of value. (Gabriel, 2005). Consumers connect the charge of the service to the distinctiveness of the service contributor. This involves a remarkable need for the service provider to comprehend their involvement to the service eminence. If there is a divergence of the predictable assessment by the consumers to what the consumers are presented, there will be a discernment breach. Physical Aspects: Physical aspect sometimes termed as customer service. It has got the place at the circle of the expanded marketing mix as it got significant impact on the other components of extended marketing mix. That is the only tangible part of the service a hotel can provide. As for instance for our case studies hotel Radisson Blue the compactness and tidiness of the reception desk, the rooms and other amenities outline component of the physical feature of the service. The character of the service deliverance together with the lead-time is as Ill part of the consumer service. Customer service does have an effect on the other apparatus because it is almost the amalgamation of the presentation of all workings of expanded marketing mix. Process: The service provider need to be sound conversant of the means the service is breed and delivered to the consumers. In this case the feature of message, communication purpose and strategy forms components of process information. There should not be mystification connecting this constituent of marketing blend and that of customary marketing mix up, promotion. Process information is concerning the temperament of the service formation and deliverance structure while advertising is about informing potential and existing consumers about the accessibility of the product-service. Since consumers are not able to see the service they will construct assurance on the in sequence set to them by service provider about the entire procedure about the service. Some consumers are confrontational, so they will require details regarding the procedure of the service. Once the service contributor is not in no doubt about the in sequence he is giving about the service of the method, customers can entity th e offer. The poIr of IT needs to be incorporated in this constituent as it can pace up the accessibility of the information consequently a good client service to consumers. (TASK 3-Market Research): The American Marketing Association (AMA) has given the most widely accepted definition of marketing. The AMA has defined marketing research as the systematic gathering, recording and analyzing of data about problems relating to the marketing of goods and services In this paper I will discuss the process used in marketing research planning. There are eight steps to take in this process, identifying the problem, creation of the research design,    choosing the method of research, selection of the sampling procedure, collection of data, analysis of the data, writing and presenting the report, and follow up. These steps will insure that the data collected answered the right problem and is useful to the client.    Step 1: Identifying the Problem : Identifying the setback is the first stride in the marketing research planning course of action.    It is must to find out what kind of data I are looking for. Descriptive is the kind of study that asks who what where when and how.    The causal studies ask us more they why, they follow the line of thinking that if one variable changes then the other will alter in a unwiring way.  In this paper I will focus mainly on customers satisfaction about the service of hotel Radisson. Customer like the complimentary advertisement, they can bypass the information by word of mouth. There is research point towards that if you lose a loyalty consumer you may lose 100 possible customers. So, gratify the client is very imperative for the hotel. Last, but not least, for the hotel, consumer is not only consign to the consumers but also refer to the member of staff. Employee is very imperative for the hotel, because they develop Customer Satisfaction endow with the service, the excellence of the service resolve the exterior customers satisfaction. If I want develop the contentment of peripheral customers, I first have to get better the interior employees contentment. All in all, the customer is god; as a hotel Radisson should try their best to gratify the customers. Hotel must find the resourceful ways to keep happy the customers, who help them, make money and win in the rivalry. Step 2: Research Design Any research needs a plan or a formation before data assortment or scrutiny can instigate. A research design is not in a minute a work graph. A work sketch details what has to be completed to complete the assignment but the work plan will flow from the projects research design. The purpose of a research design is to make certain that the confirmation obtained enable us to respond the preliminary question as unequivocally as possible. Step 3: Method of Research Choosing The means of research is to find out what kind of way I will use to collect data.    The three fundamental methods are survey, observation and experiment.    A survey is a where the accomplice is asked a quantity of question, such as a mail survey. Observation is to monitor without straight communication, such as inspecting peoples habits at the shopping centre.    Experiments are type of examine that are defined by the experimenter altering one or more variables. In this paper two sets of Ill developed questionnaire have been structured to evaluate the views of both employees and customers. Step 4: Sampling Procedure Selection of the sampling system is picking out a assembly of people to research. At period it could be very much sturdy to get internal information of the hotel. So I have to select some of very knowledgeable and cordial human resources of hotel Radisson and accumulate the required data. Beside this, I will use internet and conducting e-mail communication to pull together some of the information. Step 5: Collecting Data (primary and secondary) Data are of two types : primary and secondary . Primary Data are those which are composed or collected a new and for the foremost time and thus come about to be unique in nature. On the other hand for secondary data its nature of collecting is purely that    of impediment. primary data is collected through observation and interview method through questionnaire and schedules. On contrary the collection process of secondary data is accomplished by or from various publication of the local government and state or state publication. The secondary data can be collected from the technical and trade journal, books, newspaper and different magazines as Ill as from reports. In my research study I used primary data and I composed it through the questionnaire methods, I collected these data from London. Step 6: Analyzing the Data and presenting the report: Analysis of the data is where I break down the composed data and try to find contacts and of pattern in it to help come back with the research predicament that I started with. One of the most important is, writing and presenting the report. The person heading up the research will have to make sure that the information and recommendation is both credible and justified by the data, if he wants the recommendation to be followed.    The report can be presented in many different ways such as a printed report, digital report, a presentation, or even a combination of them all. Step 7: Following up Follow up with the firm, make sure that the research is being used and interpreted correctly. A good way make sure that the information is going to be used is to make it so each department dont conflict with the others.    Also doing these kinds of follow up can let management know that the researcher does care about the work that was done for the company. For my case study for Radisson Blu

Huck Finn :: essays research papers

You Can’t Pray A Lie is a pivotal excerpt taken from Mark Twain’s classic The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Like Twain’s other works, this example of moral truth and consequence undermines the basic sense of human values. Set in the 1880’s on a raft upon the Mississippi River, Huck is caught in a battle of personal conflicting views. It is through his interactions with Jim, a runaway black slave, that he faces the realization that being ultimately true to himself means that he cannot â€Å"pray a lie.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jim had run away from his abusive father and enabling small town to find himself traveling down the Mississippi on a raft. His traveling partner was a black slave, Jim. Wondering why Jim was there, Huck discovers that Jim had run away from his slave owner, Ms. Watson. Jim had spoken about his harsh life as a slave, and resented talk of being sold down to Orleans for a â€Å"big stack o’ money.† Huck felt that Jim’s escape was wrong, but kept his promise of secrecy, like any good friend would.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In lieu of his escape, Jim emphasized his feelings of becoming a free man. Jim said it made him all over trembly and feverish to be so close to freedom (p. 238). Huck came to the realization that Jim was escaping for a far different reason than he, and began to see this â€Å"nigger’s† freedom as his own fault; he was an accomplice. Huck’s conscience became plagued by the fact that Jim was escaping the custody of his rightful owner, and he was doing nothing to stop this. In Huck’s eyes, Jim was essentially the property of poor old Ms. Watson, who didn’t do anything less than teach Jim his manners and his books. Altogether, Huck felt that he was doing wrong by concealing this, and felt miserable to say the least.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jim’s anticipation for freedom grew higher as he expressed his future dreams and aspirations. Jim began saying things that â€Å"niggers† wouldn’t normally dare say. Jim was speaking like a white man, not like someone’s property, a slave. This attitude began to lower Huck’s vision of Jim, and his conscience grew even hotter. Huck had never been exposed to a slave who spoke this way. It was his inadequate education that told him this was wrong.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jim stopped the raft with intentions of surrendering Jim. At this point he heard Jim yell: â€Å"Pooty soon I’ll be a-shout’n for joy, en I’ll say, it’s on accounts o’Huck; I’s a free man, en I couldn’t ever ben free ef it hadn’ been for Huck; Huck done it.

AT&T Wireless Case Essay

1. [10 points] Describe the cost behavior in the wireless industry. What are the implications of this cost behavior for cost-volume-profit (CVP) relationships? Cost behavior is how a company’s costs change given a change in that company’s activities. Variable costs are costs that change proportionately with the changes in a company’s activities. In contrast, the costs that do not change with a change in a company’s activities are known as fixed costs. In the case of AT&T, costs are focused primarily into the fixed category. This means that as the company’s activities shift, its costs remain relatively unchanged. This combination of high fixed costs and low cost variable costs gives AT&T and the rest of the industry a large amount of operating leverage. The high operating leverage of AT&T means that the company utilizes a higher risk strategy which leads to higher profits as volumes increase. Essentially, as long as AT&T maintains a volume that covers at least its fixed costs, any additional volume translates into profit. This works both ways however, if volume decreases below the threshold for covering fix ed costs then every decrease in volume yields proportionately equal losses. According to the case, there is little cost associated with text messaging. The case states that text messaging has an incredibly low variable cost, estimated at only a few cents per text. So basically, once AT&T has covered the cost of the required infrastructure to facilitate text messages, any revenues garnered from text message and virtually pure profit. 2. [5 points] What are the key cost drivers? Can a cost driver be used to continually raise prices? A cost driver is the root cause of why a cost occurs. For AT&T and the wireless industry there are several cost drivers. The most obvious ones in this case would be the number of texts sent per minute and the number of customers handled by the carrier. However, there are many more. These include the number of cell towers in the area and the amount of database  storage needed for handle the messages. In addition, individual cell phone plans and how many devices that are currently handled by a carrier in a given area are cost drivers. The primary cost driver used for the purpose of determining costs in this case is the amount of texts per minute. In this case, with its high fixed costs and low variable costs, any given change in volume will have little effect on costs. So, for AT&T, the cost drivers are unlikely to raise prices. However, this is not the case for all industries. If a company has high variable prices and low fixed prices we would expect the opposite. 3. [15 points] What does it cost AT&T to send a text message?[Consider costs of the channel, billing cost, storage cost] Based on this cost, what is AT&T’s profit margin as a percentage of its short message service (SMS) text messaging business? [Consider per-use pricing and package pricing] The case states that the average cost per voice minute is $0.07. From this the case determines that the equivalent amount of texts that can be sent, given the data transmission rates, is eighty-one. Thus the cost per text can be calculated as: $0.07 / 81 = $0.0008641 per text This, however, is not the total cost of a text. We must also factor in the costs of billing, databases, and storage. The case estimates the cost of billing at twice that of the wireless costs. Therefore we calculate the cost of billing as: $0.0008641 x 2 = $0.0017283 per text Database costs are estimated to be $10 million and AT&T is expected to carry 1% of the 3.5 trillion in world traffic. Knowing this we calculate the cost of storage as: $10 million / ( 3.5 trillion x .01) = $10 million / 35 billion = $.0002857  per text The cost of storage is assumed to be negligible in the case. However, I felt that it would still be interesting to calculate the cost. The case states the cost of storage to be $1,000 per terabyte and that worldwide traffic requires 1,343 terabytes of storage. Given that AT&T carries only 1% of the traffic storage costs can be calculated as: ($1,000 x (1343 Tb x .01) / 35 billion = $13,430 / 35 billion = $0.0000003837 The combined cost of sending a text is thus: $0.0008641 + $0.0017283 + $0.0002857 + $0.0000003737 = $0.002878 To calculate the profit margin, we simply divide gross profit by total revenue. We will take into account the profit margins for three of AT&T’s data plans. The per message plan which charge $0.20 per text, the $5.00 for 200 messages plan, and the $15 for 1500 messages plan. Per message plan: ($0.20 – $0.002878) / $0.20 = 98.56% $5 plan: (($5.00 / 200) – $0.002878) / ($5.00 / 200) = 88.49% $15 plan: (($15.00 / 1500) – $0.002878) / ($15.00 / 1500) = 71.22% 4. [5 points] How strong a relationship should exist between the price charged to a customer for a good or service and the cost of providing that good or service? Explain. It depends largely on the profit goals of any given company and can vary wildly depending on a number of factors such as whether a company is nonprofit or not. In the case of AT&T, the price should at least cover the cost of the product in order for the company to break even. Any amount greater than that will translate into profits. AT&T should price their products based on the supply and demand of the given products. For text messaging, the demand is massive and AT&T gauges their prices accordingly. However, I feel that a degree of morality should be taken into account. I know that in the business world morality is generally ignored in search of profits. But with text messaging, they are metaphorically printing money for themselves. The cost of sending a text message is infinitesimal compared to what they charge their customers. The sad truth is that as long as we remain willing to pay their price for the service they will continue to charge it. 5. [5 points] Why is the price that AT&T charges to transmit a kilobyte of data via text message so much higher than the price charged to transmit a kilobyte of data via a Smartphone? The price of text messaging is higher than simply transmitting data by smartphone largely because of supply and demand. The wireless industry prices their products based on demand. Currently, the demand for text messaging is high and still growing. Because of this prices remain high. Perhaps if the average consumer was more aware of the cost of texting this would change their preferences and cause the price to ultimately drop. Texts are not the only source of revenue for the wireless industry. For example, the industry also experiences revenues from sales of devices such as cell phones. The industry prices their devices in order to compete with others in the industry and this leads to low prices in the device market. The revenue from texts is used to offset the loss of potential revenues in the device market. 6. [10 points] What should the management of wireless firms seek to do now? Wireless firms should seek to improve their infrastructure to increase the capacity and efficiency of their networks. This would allow the firms to handle a larger amount of data and improved rates. This would, in turn, increase the amount of customers that the firms could service and would increase the firm’s revenues. In the case of the wireless industry, an increase in revenues would likely lead to proportionately large increases in profits. The most efficient ways to improve the wireless infrastructure is to add additional towers and storage capabilities. According to the PCIA, revisions in networking policies would also help to achieve this goal. By  allowing the wireless industry access to existing support structures such as towers, buildings, water tanks, and utility poles, the need for constructing expensive cell towers could be eliminated. In fact, the new generation of antenna systems no longer require the construction of older cell towers and are designed to be at tached to the previously mentioned pre-existing support structures.

Ralph Waldo Emerson Essay Essay

Ralph Waldo Emerson’s theory of individualism is a stance that emphasizes the importance of self-reliance for personal success. One of the main tenets of the theory claims that a genius is someone who perseveres with one’s plans regardless of others’ opinions and that nothing is sacred other than the integrity of one’s own mind. This essay will further discuss this tenet to support Emerson’s Individualism. People should live their lives without being burdened by the opinions of others. Emerson, in reference to babes, writes â€Å"their mind being whole, their eye is as yet unconquered†¦ nfancy conforms to nobody; all conform to it. † All of the greatest inventions came about from someone who did not conform to society. Society ends up conforming to those who follow their own dreams, as adults conform to the ways a child acts. In today’s society, success is often measured by a person’s wealth, status and fame. However, no one should judge what success and failure is aside from the person it concerns. Very often society looks down on those who do not conform to its rigid structure. If a person does what everyone else is doing, who will innovate? Unsurprisingly, all those considered successful were those who broke out of the mold and followed their own vision. A genius is someone who perseveres with his or her plans regardless of the negativity around them. Thomas Edison’s teacher said that he was too stupid to learn anything. Although the number of attempts varies, there is a consensus that the lowest number of times Edison failed to create the light bulb was around 1,000. When asked how he felt about failing so much, Edison answered, â€Å"I didn’t fail 1,000 times. The light bulb was an invention with 1,000 steps. † Emerson writes â€Å"God will not have his work made manifest by cowards. † Whether or not a person is religious, the meaning holds true. No coward has ever been able to achieve anything great because cowards tend to give up easily. Another one of Edison’s famous quotes states, â€Å"genius is 1% inspiration, 99% perspiration. † This claim supports Emerson’s Individualism because it takes a genius to perspire and work through the numerous obstacles that stand between him or her and success. Everything can be broken and worked around other than what a person truly believes. Emerson’s theory argues that if a person were to betray his or her own belief, it could be damaging beyond repair. Emerson states, â€Å" if I’m the devil then I shall be the devil,† suggesting only a person’s mind can truly decide what is moral and what is immoral. Emerson also writes, â€Å"to believe your own thought, to believe what is true for you in your private heart is true for all men,-that is genius. This is how revolutions happen, when a large group of people decides that the laws are no longer right. No law, no life, is greater than a person’s own beliefs because Emerson states, â€Å"nothing is sacred other than the integrity of your own mind. † A successful person is often, if not always, fully dedicated to what they believe in because a person will never give up on something they believe to be truly right. Emerson’s theory of Individualism doesn’t encourage selfishness because that would be a moral judgment. The theory does not make any statements of morality. It claims that a person should rely only on himself or herself to make decisions and to define what they believe to be right and wrong. Outside forces should not be relied on or even considered when trying to achieve personal goals. If a person believes that failures are actually successes because they bring them one step closer to the final goal, failure does not exist. Success and happiness will come to a person as long as he or she relies on his or her own judgment, perseveres regardless of the negativity of external influences, and stays true to their minds without breaking their integrity.

Word Choice Practice vs. Practise

Word Choice Practice vs. Practise Word Choice: Practice vs. Practise If you read British news sources or websites online, you may have noticed that sometimes they spell practice as practise. Why do they do this? Because British people like to complicate everything! Practise (Verb) In the UK, the spelling practise is used for the verb form of the word. As such, when describing the action of practicing something, in the UK they would write: I like to practise my fire-eating act for two hours a day. Of course, in the U.S., we would spell this as practice. Practice (Noun) Thankfully, in the UK, they do at least use the correct spelling for the noun form. As such, if a Brit were describing the concept of practice, this would be the correct spelling: Practice makes perfect! It is also correct when referring to a particular example of someone having practiced something: All that practice at lion taming is really paying off! Or when referring to the customary or established way of doing something: Medical practice demands exceptional attention to detail. Practice or Practise? Luckily, in the US, this isnt an issue, as the spelling practice is used for both the noun and verb forms, so we have it pretty easy! The only time you might need to use the British spelling is if you are writing for an audience outside the United States. Practise is used by most other versions of English, including Australian and Canadian English (although practice is sometimes used for the verb in Canada, too). Even if you dont need to use it yourself, however, its good to keep this spelling difference in mind so you dont get confused next time you come across it online!